Site Erection

Welding of supports shall not be half complete before loading in internals such as trays, tower packings, catalysts on trays, internal cooling coils, and provision of external fittings and connecting gas and liquid pipes. 

No heavy piece of equipment or process unit shall be kept hanging, while persons go away for lunch or for any work. 

No water tap, air blower, gas burner, etc., shall be kept running when there is no one around. 

Similar precautions shall be taken during any internal work in a process vessel/unit. 

All instmctions given by erection engineers shall be followed. 

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Depending upon the required duty and the site, units may be shop assembled or of modular construction. Site-erected units may be designed to have their main components arranged to fit in with the space available. 

Successful site erection of plant demands coordination of the following ... 

The controlling authority must, well before the start of site erection, draw up a material delivery and progress chart and see that all subcontractors (and the customer) are in agreement and that they are kept informed of any changes [31]. 

Site-erected pipework, once complete, must be pressure tested for safety and freedom from leaks. Pressures will be 1.3 times the... 

Pre-Assembly and Site Erection. A study was conducted as part of final structural concept design, to ascertain the optimum degree of modularisation, and the resultant erection sequencing for the main headframe and skyshaft components. Owing to the project strategy for offshore steel fabrication, a compromise between offshore fabrication (at a low cost) and freight costs for break-bulk items. The solution involved ... 

The site erection sequences are shown in Figures 6 and 7 note the inclusion of temporary supports and access platforms for the headframe legs—these are removed after headframe erection is complete to retain structural independence of the headframe and skyshaft. 

In the case of site services, such as site erection the overall project construction strategy, including manageability of contractors, access, desirability of maintaining competition for extra work, and infrastructural limitations. 

Civil foundation should be ready and cured to necessary strength before starting site erection (placing load on it)... 

The factory-made cold-melt FRP prepreg and compatible adhesive film both of which are wrapped onto the stmctnral member and cnred simultaneously on site under 1 bar pressure and elevated temperature of 60°C for 16 hours or 80°C for 4 hours (Flollaway, 2008) the elevated temperatures on site would be realised by using a heat blanket. The site erection bonding/curing work takes no longer than that for methods 1 and 2. 

The pressure tube concept has allowed all components to be shop fabricated and leads to easy erection and short construction periods. Development of commercial designs has been aimed at even greater use of shop facilities and a further reduction of site erection work. It has been found possible to keep component sizes down to such weights and dimensions that in all cases the power plant equipment of the Station dictates transport and lifting requirements. 

On the construction site of a process plant, pipework prefabrication and site erection were already well advanced when a number of significant surface defects on piping material came to light, potentially putting into doubt the integrity and safety of the... 

Concerning the site erection works, there are a series of successive stages to be defined in the inspection and test plan with a set of model forms adapted to the specific needs... 

The same general considerations apply for the site erection of spheres, with an added emphasis on accurate preparation of plates and careful fit up of plate edges prior to welding. 

The EPCM contractor carries out basic design, procures only major items of equipment and then engages a construetion contractor to do the detailed design, to procure outstanding materiel and to carry out site erection. 

Prefabrication and possibly site erection of structural steelwork... 

Prefabrication and site erection of storage tanks and spheres... 

These items are generally defined as standard configurations in a specification with supporting drawings prepared by the EPCM contractor. They may be designed in detail, prefabricated and site erected as part of the contract for primary structural steelwork. However, secondary structures associated with an item of equipment, such as a column or a furnace, will normally be supplied and erected as part of that equipment. In the case where a construction contractor is responsible for a complete building covering all disciplines, steelwork prefabrication and erection may be the subject of a subcontract. 

Site welding of structures with its attendant difficulties are where possible to be avoided or at least minimized. Instead, site erection should preferably, be based on the bolting together of prefabricated items. This implies prefabrication to close limits of dimensional accuracy with special attention being focussed on interfaces between ... 

Site erection should be recorded on suitable inspection and test forms and/or on marked up drawings upon which are entered details of measurements of levels, verticality and horizontality of structural members as well as details of bolted connections and of site welding, if any. 

Figure FI gives in the form of a flow chart an overview of the sequence of operations necessary to complete the construction of the piping in a process plant. For each stage there will be a programme of surveillance, inspection and tests with the completion of the corresponding records. Piping can only be released to the next stage if all the specified requirements have been met. Welding is an integral part of the prefabrication and site erection of piping, so this appendix has to be read in conjunction with Appendix D.

Items such as site-erected reservoirs, comprising prepared plates and prefabricated items, welded together on site, to be blast cleaned and to receive all the coats of the paint system after completion. 

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