Steels fabrication

Courtesy of Swenson Process Equipment Inc. (prices from November, 1994). Carbon steel fabrication multiply by 1.75 for 304 stainless steel. 

Casing materials are, in most cases, cast iron, nodular iron, or casi steel. Fabricated casings are generally made of carbon or alloy steel. Ca ... 

Rubber-lined steel For dilute not concentrated (oxidizing) strengths temperature limited according to rubber hardness and acid concentration steel fabrication must be properly done... 

Fumes from stainless steel welding Stainless steel fabrication operations... 

See Figure 12-8. Pistons may be of aluminum, built-up carbon or graphite, cast iron, cast steel, fabricated and metaUzed steel, stainless steel, or forged carbon or stainless steel. The selection involves the corrosive nature of the gas plus the weight-balancing problem of the compressor manufacturer. 

The excellent resistance of zinc to corrosion under natural conditions is largely responsible for the many and varied applications of the metal. In fact nearly half the world consumption of zinc is in the form of coatings for the prevention of corrosion of steel fabrications exposed to the atmosphere and to water. For its varied applications zinc is obtainable in a number of grades. Ordinary commercial (G.O.B.) zinc contains up to about I -5% total of lead, cadmium and iron. Electrolytic zinc has a minimum zinc content of 99-95% and contains small amounts of the same impurities. Special high-purity zinc has a minimum of 99-99% zinc. Even purer zincs are commercially available. 

Preliminary discussions of all those involved in each protective-coating contract are essential if certain difficulties that can arise in these operations are to be prevented. Although the ultimate client may not wish to be present, the engineer concerned and/or his own or appointed inspectors, the main contractor, steel fabricator and coating contractor, should meet to discuss and agree action on such subjects as the following ... 

For 304 stainless-steel fabrication, multiply the prices given by 1.5. 

High, Si steel fabrication issues Coated materials (Pt) cost issue Ceramics promising, but have fabrication and joining issues Dry wall boiler design with ceramics may be option Data needed with iodine contamination Incoloy 800HT may address intergranular corrosion C—SiC composites should be examined... 

Structural steel fabrication - bid, evaluation, award, and fabrication. 

Structural steel. Try to award the steel fabrication contract including erection. If not possible, include the contractor with the equipment rental business as well as one of the mechanical contractors... 

The steel fabricator was instructed to put the shop on regular overtime until fabrication was 100% completed. 

In Section 16.3.4.2, the L + m costs were expressed as a fraction of the cited FOB cost (which is usually carbon steel fabrication). If the equipment is made of an alloy, the FOB cost of the equipment is larger, say 70,000 instead of 30,000. However, theL + m costs of concrete, painting, insulation, and other components in the BM remain about the same as they were for the carbon steel equipment. To account for this, we need to multiply the FOB alloy cost by an L + M factor that is smaller than the factor reported for carbon steel. This is counterintuitive, because we inmitively may think alloys = more expense for everything. The amount of reduction in the L + M factor for carbon steel is determined from Figure 16.3. 

Pipe and tubing are made from many materials, including metals and alloys, wood, ceramics, glass, and various plastics. Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, pipe is extensively used for water lines. In process plants the most common material is low-carbon steel, fabricated into what is sometimes called black-iron pipe, Wrought-iron and cast-iron pipes are also used for a number of special purposes. 

R-134a is a non-flammable gas at room temperature and pressure with a normal boiling point of around 26°C. It is normally handled as a compressed gas under pressure in liquid form and has a liquid density of about 1300 kg/m With an extraction equipment design pressure requirement of only 20 bar or so, standard stainless steel fabrication techniques can be used with a significant cost saving, when implemented at industrial scale, over the more specialist techniques and materials required for operation at pressures greater than the 100 bar or so required for scC02. 

Equipment foundations and structural supports materials and other high-unit-cost equipment involving little field erection High predominance of compressors or mild steel equipment requiring heavy foundations Average for mild steel fabricated-equipment solids Average for preidominance of 7/3 8/3 17/12 12.5/7 8.5/3 15/10 11/6 7.5/3 14/9 9.5/5 6.5/2.S 12/8 8/4 5.5/2 10.5/6 7/3 4.5/1.5... 

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