Extra work

Parallelizing this method was not difficult, given that we already had parallel versions of several multipole algorithms to start from. The entire macroscopic assembly, given its precomputed transfer function, is handled by a single processor which has to perform k extra multipole expansions, one for each level of the macroscopic tree. Each processor is already typically performing many hundreds or thousands of such expansions, so the extra work is minimal. 

Demolition and alteration to existing structure Surplus equipment, supplies and materials, royalty payments Design modifications, construction modifications, and extra work during startup... 

Figure 9-1 is an example of what a modern level A ensemble ean look like. Remember, level A suits are fully eneapsulated. The ensemble would eome with gloves and boots ineluded. An overboot and overgloves would be added to provide extra proteetion and add extra working life to the ensemble. An SCBA is worn with the air paek unit fully within the ensemble, and the worker wears a full faeepieee. Notiee the field of vision that the worker enjoys with the ensemble shown. Were the ensemble in Figure 9-1 not fully eneapsulated at the sleeves, feet, or seams, it would not be eonsidered level A. 

The objective of combining two power plants in this way is to obtain greater work output for a given supply of heat or fuel energy. This is achieved by converting some of the heat rejected by the upper plant into extra work in the lower plant. 

Mehrarbeit, /. overtime work, extra work, mehratorm g, a. polyatomic. 

Neben-. by-, side-, secondary, accessory, subsidiary, subordinate, sub-, auxiliary, supplementary, extra adjoining collateral ( /ec.) shunt, -achse, /. secondary axis, -ader, /. collateral blood vessel, -anlage,/. secondary plant, branch, -antrieb, m. Mach.) auxiliary drive, -apparat, m. accessory apparatus, accessory, -arbeit, /. by-work, extra work, spare-time work, -bedingung, /. supplementary condition, subordinate factor, -bestand-teil, m. secondary ingredient or constituent, -betrieb, m. by-operation, secondary process. 

This is only 5% of the original and still within normal expected accuracy of this method. For improved accuracy, the physical properties, R, h , and diffusivity K(j, could he recalculated for the conditions of this interval. This particular prohlem does not seem to warrant the extra work, although many problems may require a recalculation at every interval or two. 

There is a temptation for the contractor to see contingencies as extra work, or there is always a danger that it will be spent the end of the contract because the client will see it as available monies. 

Client adds extra work or changes his mind ... 

Client adds extra work or changes his mind. It may seem reasonable that where the client authorizes extra work and pays for that extra work, he should not then be required to pay, because the contractor needs to stay on site longer. This is, however, the case, and the claim because of the delay very often exceeds the actual extra costs of the works. Where a client simply changes his mind and cancels some of the work, then the contractor can insist on his profit, and overhead costs for the time he will be without work as a result. 

Many engineering maintenance departments allocate more hours to new or extra works than they do to maintenance. Therefore, the introduction of either type of planned maintenance system highlights this matter to both the department and the company generally when appropriate. 

For example, if the internal standard is mnch more volatile than the analyte it is likely that more will be lost dnring storage, if it is mnch more polar it may be extracted either mnch more or less efficiently than the analyte during sample work-np, or if the internal standard is different chemically then derivatization procedures may be more or less efficient (it may be argued that as long as this differential behaviour is reproducible, it can be allowed for in the calcnlation procednres bnt significant extra work wonld be required to confirm such reproducibility). 

On the negative side, some poor examples of laboratory handiwork have been seen. In most of these cases, a little extra work on the part of the handyman could have elevated the results from just passable to excellent. 

From Mollier diagram, if all the extra work is taken as irreversible work done on the gas, the exit gas temperature = 480 K... 

In terms of records in electronic format, the requirements are much the same as for paper records. There will be some extra work involved if the final record is in an electronic format. The integrity of records has to be maintained over the normal retention period. This can pose a problem for electronic records because not only has the integrity to be maintained but the readability also has to be assured. It may be necessary to move/transfer the records to a new/different system. Every five years, or as recommended by the media manufacturer, it is reasonable to check the stored tapes and transfer the information to a new tape. There should be checks built into the transfer process to ensure that the integrity of the material is retained. It is important that this process is validated to ensure that there is no loss of information or changes to the data. 

Under the Vanselow convention, as previously mentioned, extra work is needed to figure this set of derivatives. Differentiating Equation 9.38 gives,... 

For electrons in a metal the work function is defined as the minimum work required to take an electron from inside the metal to a place just outside (c.f. the preceding definition of the outer potential). In taking the electron across the metal surface, work is done against the surface dipole potential x So the work function contains a surface term, and it may hence be different for different surfaces of a single crystal. The work function is the negative of the Fermi level, provided the reference point for the latter is chosen just outside the metal surface. If the reference point for the Fermi level is taken to be the vacuum level instead, then Ep = —, since an extra work —eoV> is required to take the electron from the vacuum level to the surface of the metal. The relations of the electrochemical potential to the work function and the Fermi level are important because one may want to relate electrochemical and solid-state properties. 

It is evident from our treatment and discussion, that it would be of great advantage if in all future publications on allegedly living systems both the Y and the DP were to be reported as functions of time and the values of kx and [Pn ] derived from them were given. This cannot entail any extra work, since in all such researches the time must be known at which samples are taken for analysis the gain in information, however, would be considerable. 

In some cases, the signal is still influenced by the sample matrix despite peak purity, e.g., because of sample pre-treatment operations. If matrix effects are considered to be very unlikely, the following check can be skipped. They would still be discovered testing for accuracy. However, matrix effects lately discovered imply a lot of extra work, since the method must then be changed and validated once again. 

The preparation of soHd-phase bound homogeneous catalysts is often accompanied with multi-step synthesis on the chosen support. This implies that the linkers have to be weU chosen, as is known from solid-phase synthesis [3, 4]. To give a demonstration of this extra work" some examples of attachment of important chiral catalysts are given in this section. 

In summary, when using the indirect" technique for optical trace analysis, all of the points mentioned above have to be considered and have to be validated when setting up a standard operation procedure" (SOP), in order to conform to good laboratory practice (GLP) analysis methods. This means an extra work load compared with validation of the direct optical trace analysis procedure. Sometimes there is no way of getting round this so-called less elegant , more cumbersome and more error prone indirect technique. However, if it is performed correctly and judged critically, it is still a good method and should easily allow optical trace analysis down to 0.1% and lower. 

Validation-based approach Based on inter- or intralaboratory validation studies (precision, trueness, robustness) An extension of validation work, no extra work needed Some sources of uncertainly may be overlooked Eurachem [14], Barwick and Ellison [47]... 

A little extra work shows that [X] = g(0) belongs to two irreducible components of Ml]ft32general point of it parametrizes a couple of disjoint lines ( see also (8.3Xv)). 

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