Single-stage reactor

Feed to a two-stage CSTR is 0.5 liter/min with a concentration 50 g/liter. Each stage is 1 liter, (a) Find the effluent concentration, (b) Find the volume of a single stage reactor with the same conversion. 

Figure 3-20 Sketch of a single-stage reactor with product separation and recycle and also two stages where reactants from the first stage are separated and recycled into the first reactor while products are mixed with other leactants and fed into a second stage.

In industrial practice, a multiple-bed reactor (Fig. 3.24) is normally used for the synthesis of ammonia, rather than the single-stage reactor illustrated in Fig. 3.22. Because the reaction takes place at high pressures, the whole series of reactions is contained within a single pressure vessel, the diameter of which is minimised for reasons of mechanical design. 

The additive, prepared from iron sulfate [Fe2(S04)3], is used to promote hydrogenation and effectively eliminate coke formation. The effectiveness of the dual-role additive permits the use of operating temperatures that give high conversion in a single stage reactor. The process maximizes the use of reactor volume and provides a thermally stable operation with no possibility of temperature runaway. 

If consideration is being given to a single stage reactor, then high power levels are used to go along with coil and jacket type cooling, and power levels are often dictated by the necessi-... 

Figure 5.7. Relative volume of catalyst bed required for achieving various levels of diesel sulfur using conventional HDS (single-stage reactor) of gas oil over a commercial hydrotreating catalyst, assuming 1.0wt% S in feed.16...

Fig. 3 Simulated HDS of diesel to meet 15 and 0.1 ppm levels on the basis of a conventional single-stage reactor, assuming 1.0 wt% S in the feed. HDS kinetic model Cs,total = Csio + Csio + Cs3o -I- Cs4o (View this art in...

The principal chemical reactions intimately associated with the production of SNG from coal are Reactions 1-4. The goal of the NRRI coal conversion process is to carry out these reactions simultaneously in a single-stage reactor with suitable catalysts. Thus Reaction 5, which can be reached through a proper combination of Reactions 1-4, is indicative of the overall conversion. 

Table II compares non-, single-, and multiple-catalyzed coal-steam conversions in the previously described single-stage reactor. In spite of the difficulty in obtaining reproducible results and satisfactory mass balances on this small scale, the results are believed to represent conversions under the indicated conditions. Thus, there are several noticeable differences between the non-, single-, and multiple-catalyzed runs. They include coal conversion, product composition, total gas produced, product heating value, and gasification rates.

A high heating value product gas ( 850 Btu/scf, C02-free) can be produced directly from coal-steam reactions using a single-stage reactor in conjunction with a multiple catalyst. The conversion ( 60%) is carried out at 2 atm and 650°C. The multiple catalyst consists of potassium carbonate and a nickel methanation catalyst. The influence of each catalyst on the coal-steam reactions is combined in the integrated system. Potassium carbonate increases the total gas production and rate while the nickel catalyst hydrocracks the evolved liquids and methanates the carbon oxides. 

By what device would it be possible to attain, from a single-stage reactor, a maximum yield of liquid B, relative to the quantity of A which enters the system Estimate its value. 

Ah S. A, Siddiqui M. A. B. Dearomatization, cetane improvement and deep desulfurization of diesel feedstock in a single-stage reactor. Reac. Kine. Catal. Let. 1997. 61 (2), 363-368. 

Let us suppose that Aq and B moles of hydrogen chloride and propylene are supplied per unit of time to a single-stage reactor by direct flow. If in the distance H in the reactor M moles of isopropyl chloride form, then at the exit from the reactor we shall have Bg—M moles of propylene and Ag—M... 

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