Role of additives

Tieke B and Weiss K 1984 The morphology of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of amphiphilio diaoetylenes—effeots of the preparation oonditions and the role of additives J. Colloid Interface Sol. 101 129-48... 

MASCiA, L., The Role of Additives in Plastics, Amold, London (1974)... 

Rosato, D. V., Role of Additives in Plastics Function of Processing Aids, SPE-IMD Newsletter, Nov. 1987. 

Hill, R. G. Wilson, A. D. (1988b). A rheological study of the role of additives on the setting of glass ionomer cements. Journal of Dental Research, 68, 89-94. 

A variety of new water-soluble ligands are being developed and the role of additives, particularly for enhancing solubility of sparingly soluble solutes in water, has been assessed even the use of (3-cyclodextrin to increase solubility has been studied. 

In this chapter, we will explore the effect of various environmental conditions and the polymers5 chemical composition and structure on its stability. We will examine the mechanisms associated with degradation and will explore several well studied polymeric systems. Finally, we will discuss the role of additives and their effects on properties. 

In smooth muscle, just as in other cells, extracellular stimuli typically evoke an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) by stimulating release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores or Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. Members of two closely related families of intracellular Ca2+ channels, ryanodine receptors and the receptors for inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) appear to be expressed in all smooth muscle cells and they provide the most important route for release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Sutko Airey 1996). The roles of additional Ca2+-mobilizing messengers, such as nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide... 

The role of additives in plastics in the creation of low-permeability fluorinated layers is totally underestimated/ignored in the open literature. 

ON THE ROLE OF ADDITIVES AS AUXILIARY NUCLEOPHILES GENERATION OF ACTIVATED ESTERS... 

Kubota, N., Role of Additives in Combustion Waves and Effect on Stable Combustion limit of Double-Base Propellants, Propellants and Explosives, Vol. 3,1978, pp. 163-168. 

Hi. Role of additive. There are some reports in the literature of the beneficial effect of powerful donor solvents such as DBU on the reactivity and enantioselectivity of HCLA-mediated oxirane rearrangements for both stoichiometric and catalytic processes. However, this effect is not general (see above) and the role of such additives is still unclear. In one study, the influence of the concentration of DBU on the relationship between the ee s of catalyst and the product for the enantioselective isomerization of cyclohexene oxide mediated by substoichiometric amount of HCLA 56a (20 mol%) in the presence of LDA (2 equiv) has been investigated. At high DBU concentration (6 equiv), the enantiomeric... 

Marinova, K., Gurkov, T., Velev, O., Ivanov, I., Campbell, B., Borwankar, R. (1997). The role of additives for the behaviour of thin emulsion films stabilized by proteins. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 123-124, 155-167. 

A final example of the role of additives is that of Larkins and Nordin.25 L12CO3 when added to MgO catalysts increases the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons in oxidative coupling reactions of methane as has been found by others. Catalytic, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, temperature programmed reactions and electron microprobe studies have been used to show that additives of both Zn and Mn can enhance selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons in these systems. 

In the absence of Li, the Mn doped materials produce a significant amount of CO and CO2. In the absence of Li, the Zn doped materials primarily yield CO2. As temperature is lowered from 805°C to 710°C the overall conversion is decreased as expected and it may be difficult to make valid comparisons for catalysts having significantly different conversions. Nevertheless, these data suggest that the role of additives can markedly influence selectivity as was observed in other systems noted above. The exact role of Li, Mn and Zn in these systems is not well known. 

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