Simulation expl simulator

These results indicated that the HPDB proplnt can readily detonate in its manufd form when initiated by an expl stimulus of sufficient magnitude. However, tests conducted to simulate a runaway reaction from... 

It is provided with manual safety and/or setting devices simulating those of a standard or proposed standard PDF. It may or may not be a ballistic match with the fuze it is supposed to represent and/or contains a small expl chge for realism or spotting purposes (Excludes Fuze, Point Detonating, Dummy)... 

UCRL-51319 Props of Chem Expls and Expl Simulants , Dec 1972... 

Refs 1) UCRL-51319 Props of Chem Expls and Expl Simulants, Dec 1972 2) Algebraic addn of AHf° s of individual explosive compositions taken from Table 1... 

Since the min error variation in energy partition is much greater than the variation due to type of expl, it makes little difference which expl is used to simulate the nuclear case (Ref 6)... 

LX-13 is a variant of the LASL expl XTX-8003 Ref B.M. Dobratz, Properties of Chemical Explosives and Explosive Simulants , Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Univ of California (Livermore), UCRL-51319 (15 Dec 1972), pp 3-3,... 

As there are many factors contributing to the flammability of firedamp by the flame of expls, most countries test the expls intended fcr use in fiery mines in special testing galleries in which the actual conditions existing in mines are simulated as nearly as possible (See Vol 3 of Encycl, pp C368 to C378-L)... 

L.E. Wolinski, Fluorovinyl Monomers , in Vinyl and Diene Monomers , E.C. Leonard, Ed, J. Wiley, NY (1971), 1321-28 [This survey article presents circa 1971 information on all aspects of VF2. Several facets of this article are of interest the expl concn limits of the monomer with air is reported as 5.8 to 20.3%, and the fact that spontaneous polymerization of the monomer does not occur] 5) W.L. Elban, The Development of an Inert Simulant for HNS/ Teflon Explosive , NOL TR 72-255 (1972)... 

Compds containing waxy materials have been used in the role of simulating, principally density, in expl systems. Ammo containing the inert load are used for training purposes and engineering tests. In the early 1930 s inert fillers used were lead oxide/paraffin, barium carbonate/ paraffin and barium carbonate/paraffin/lead oxide. The specific desired density was obtained by varying the proportions of the constituents... 

Work covered by Ref 40 delved further into developing inert castable simulants using waxes to cover specifically the ranges of densities typical of the various castable expls. The expls, with the densities to be simulated are listed... 

Three types of formulations were recommended for simulating the densities of castable expls. These are ... 

Ref 58 continues investigation of PCN and other waxes for use in simulating the densities of both cast and pressed expl materials. Mixtures of PCN and diatomaceous earth, with and without a hydrocarbon wax simulate expl densities between 120 and 1.85 g/cc. Specific compns are shown in Table 15. It was recommended that furthef work be conducted to develop a completely nontoxic inert filler. The PCN used is a mixt of 40/40/20 pentachlor-naphthalene/trichlomaphthalene/higher chlorna-phthalenes. The toxic limits reported (1955) are 0.5, 5 and 0.5 parts per million, respectively. ... 

Blank Cracker is a pyrotechnic device with an expl chge and fuze designed to serve as a dummy weapon for simulating a live weapon such as a hand grenade. It should explode with a loud crack without any danger to personnel or surrounding objects. One type of such blank... 

A.J.Clear O.E.Sheffield, PATR, 1618(1948) (Inerts simulants for high expls) 3)H.Strain, AnalChem 21, 77(l949)(Use of diatomaceous earth in chromatographic columns) 4)CondChemDict (1961), 233... 

The advent of the space age, the testing of intercontinental ballistic missiles, the use of space probes, the existence of radiation belts in outer space, and the increasing utilization of military and civilian satellites have triggered further studies on the effects of nuclear radiation on all types of materials, including expls, propints, pyrots and related materials. Nuclear radiation effects studies range from steady-state to transient environments, from ground zero to upper atmosphere levels and from underground nuclear tests to simulation techniques in the laboratory which in turn cover all phases of vulnerability and survivability... 

Work in this area has not been very extensive. This is probably due to the low gamma component that has been measured or calcd for a nuclear burst. Also the accumulated effect from a pulsed reactor burst simulates a weapon effect more so than a burst of gamma rays. The possibility of generating IEMP or an electric field when irradiating expl-loaded components cannot be discounted (Ref 232 233)... 

As with gamma radiation. X-rays in the steady-state mode have not produced any initiations in any of the expls irradiated. Effects are being directed towards intense, pulsed irradiations in order to simulate nuclear weapons effects. The prospect of higher dose rates in short time frames should produce results not common, to the steady-state irradiation... 

Various computer codes exist which are used to simulate nuclear weapons effects on various targets. Variations of codes on radiation transport, shielding and cross sections also can be considered. A directory of currently used codes was compiled by Martin, Reitz and Root (Ref 23), which for the most part is a rather complete tabulation of computer programs applied to the numerical simulation of nuclear weapon expls phenomenology and effects... 

A preliminary feasibility exptl study indicated that simulated expls in a test box (cast DNT and an Amm Nitrate, sugar and water mixt) could be readily distinguished from the other items in the box (shaving cream, cologne, book, wood, aluminum, water) by dual-energy CT techniques... 

To simulate the conditions experienced by the filler of a projectile during acceleration in a gun, the apparatus shown in Fig 2 (Ref 1) was developed. By the action of the propellant, a pressure pulse is transmitted to an expl specimen thru the piston system that closely resembles setback. The criterion for each expl tested is the max pressure at which the expl cannot be initiated, when at an initial temp of 125°F, in 25 or more trials. Setback sensitivity data so obtained for various expls are listed below ... 

A unique application of IR spectroscopy to expl technology is the measurement of auroral far IR emissions (Ref 43). In conjunction with the High Altitude Effects Simulation (HAES)... 

Zavitsanos et al (Ref 9) claim the invention of an expl which liberates high amts of thermal energy at extremely high temps (3 4000 1C), and can be used to simulate the thermal effects of... 

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