Similarity amines

The method can therefore be used to estimate the percentage of aniline hydrochloride in a crude sample, provided the impurities are not themselves salts of other similar amines. Alternatively, if aniline is known to be a monacidic base (forming therefore a mono-hydrochloride) the molecular weight of aniline can be determined, since the molecular weight of the aniline hydrochloride is clearly that weight which is neutralised by 1000 ml. of vl/.NaOH solution. 

Many 1,2,3,5-benzenetetrol derivatives are used mediciaaHy. For example, khellin [82-02-0] (65), which is a naturally occurring benzopyranone, is used as a coronary vasodilator and bronchodilator (233). Derivatives of khellin are effective local anesthetics and antiarrythmics (234). Similarly, amine derivatives (68) that are prepared from khellinone oxime (66) exhibit hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, cardiac analeptic, diuretic, and antiulcerous activity (235) (see Analgesics, antipyretics, and antiinflammatory agents). 

Sulfenamide accelerators generally requite less fatty acid because they release an amine during the vulcanization process which acts to solubilize the zinc. Guanidines and similar amine accelerators also serve to both activate and accelerate vulcanization. 

Formulated products tend to use a 10 to 20% neutralized erythorbate, buffered to pH of 5 to 6 with ammonia, morpholine, cyclohexy-lamine, diethanolamine (DEA), or triethanolamine (TEA) to reduce the acidity of erythorbic acid. Similarly, amines are used with sodium erythorbate to improve the reaction rate. 

In subsequent work aimed at improving the efficiency of the reaction, it has been noted that the addition of sub-stoichiometric quantities of Mgl2 can impart substantial benefits to the process. Thus, in the presence of 2 mol% Mgl2 under otherwise identical conditions the synthesis of a similar amine can proceed with as little as 0.5 mol% Ir(I) catalyst at a faster rate. ... 

DR. MARGERUM On the contrary, I think you are changing it very much. You could use one of your acids and react it with a series of different bases, all of which are similar amine bases. 

Method A. A slurry of 3.15 g d-lysergic acid monohydrate (monohydrate means dry) and 7.3 g of diethylamine (or 0.1 mole of similar amine) in 150 ml of pure chloroform is heated to reflux. After the lysergic acid is dissolved (a few min) cool the mixture down to where reflux has stopped by removing the heat. Before the mixture cools any further 2 ml of phosphorous oxychloride is added at such a rate as to give reflux (about 2 min). After addition, reflux for 4-5 min further until an amber-colored solution results. Cool to room temp and wash the mixture with 200 ml of 1 M ammonium hydroxide. The chloroform solution was dried with MgSC>4 (this would have to be after separation), filtered, and concentrated by evaporation in vacuo under a temp of 38° (at no time let the temp go over 40°). The last traces of solvent are removed at 2-5 mm. Dissolve the residue in a minimum amount of methanol and acidify with freshly prepared solution of 20% maleic acid in methanol (not aqueous) to precipitate the LSD in its maleate form. Filter the fluffy white needles, wash with cold methanol and air dry to get 2.2 g of LSD that requires no further purification. 

Similarly, amine 213 affords carboxy substituted diazepine derivatives 226 and 229 from ethyl 3-oxo-4-(propionyloxy)butanoate and ethyl acetoacetate, respectively (Scheme 48 (1993JHC897)). 

The insertion reaction itself doubtless proceeds by a very similar amine catalyzed process composed of (65) and (67). 

A similar amine exchange on tantalum dialkylamides with primary amines again leads to an imido derivative (equation 40).6568... 

Genetic factors that influence enzyme levels account for some of these differences. Succinylcholine, for example, is metabolized only half as rapidly in persons with genetically determined defects in pseudocholinesterase as in persons with normally functioning pseudocholinesterase. Analogous pharmacogenetic differences are seen in the acetylation of isoniazid (Figure 4-5) and the hydroxylation of warfarin. The defect in slow acetylators (of isoniazid and similar amines) appears to be caused by the synthesis of less of the enzyme rather than of an abnormal form of it. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, the slow acetylator phenotype occurs in about 50% of blacks and... 

Pyridines bearing substituents at the 2- or 4-positions are similarly aminated at the vacant a-position (see Table VII). 

A reaction of considerable interest is the Hofmann type degradation of primary carboxamides to amines. Several examples have been reported of such efficient conversions, notably with the system IOB in formic acid (in water of acetonitrile), which forms in situ PhI(OOCH)2 [44], Other hypervalent iodine reagents have also been used extensively for these transformations (Sections 4.4.1 and 7.4.1). Yields may vary widely as illustrated for three similar amines obtained from the corresponding carboxamides with IOB-formic acid and with [hydroxy-(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene [45] ... 

Fuel applications. Bitumen, the residuum of petroleum distillation, is gaining interest as a low cost fuel. The main problem with bitumen as a fuel is handling the viscous, almost solid product. This issue has been addressed by emulsifying molten bitumen in water using cationic surfactants such as tallow alkyl propanediamine [92] and salts of similar amines with fatty acids [93]. The emulsions thus prepared are pumpable and useful as fuels for stationary burning such as in power generation facilities. 

Schlemper and co-workers have reported the X-ray structures of the products of the reaction of RhCl3 3H20 with a series of similar amine oximes (A-O 60). The reaction product is intriguingly dependent on the length of the hydrocarbon chain linking the two amine oxime moieties, and... 

The way in which various substituents affect the polarization of a ca bonyl group is similar to the way they affect the reactivity of an aromati ring toward electrophilic substitution (Section 16.6). A chlorine substituei for example, inductively withdraws electrons from an acyl group in the si way that it withdraws electrons from an aromatic ring. Similarly, amins and methoxyl substituents donate electrons to acyl groups by resonanq the same way that they donate electrons to aromatic rings. 

A similar amination is known in the sulfur series (equation 81). Here, the reactive species is generated in situ from (216). Deprotonation and reprotonation isomerize the vinylsulfimide (216) to an allylsulfimide which gives the amino compound (217). (217) exhibits the expected (c/. Scheme 25) ( )-configuration of the C=C bond. 

Similarly, amines, present as sulfonates,45 undergo the same type of acid-catalyzed addition to form amidine salts ... 

The Ru(II) complexes of saturated amines, e.g., RuAjL, where Ru is in the 2+ or 3-1- oxidation state, A is NHj or similar amine such as ethylenediamine/2 and L is a charged or neutral ligand, or of diimines and Ru(AA)jL2, where Ru is in the 2+ oxidation state and AA is a diimine, such as 2,2 -bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen), are photosubstitution active. For example, irradiation of aq Ru(NH3) p in the ligand-field (LF) region leads principally to simple photoaquation ... 

A recent patent granted to Toray Industries, Inc., described the use of a similar amine polymer in composite membranes (39). Polyepiiodohydrin was reacted with 4-(aminomethyl)piperazine to form the reactive amine polymer. This polymer, 3 parts, plus 1 part... 

Besides AZ-aminoindazoles, there are N-amino derivatives of some other condensed pyrazole systems. Most were obtained on electrophilic amination of the corresponding heterocycles by HOSA [75JCS(P1 )31 ]. For instance, on amination of 5-methylpyrazolo[4,3-Z>]pyridine, 1- and 2-amino derivatives 27 and 28 are formed in yields of 42 and 40%, respectively. Similarly, amines 29 and 30 were obtained, whereas amination of pyr-azolo[3,4-/ ]pyridine (31) failed. 

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