Silicon steels

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Table 2. Core Loss of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steels, W/kg ...

Selenium is added up to 0.1% to silicon steels (2—4% Si) used in transformer cores to enhance the development of the secondary recrystallization texture which, in turn, improves the magnetic characteristics. Selenium alloying additions to the melt may be made as elemental Se, nickel—selenium, or ferroselenium. The recovery depends on the melting practice and method of addition. Normally, it is in the range of 66%, but may be as high as 90%. 

For a lower range of motors, say up to a frame size of 355, the silicon steel normally used for stator and rotor core laminations is universally 0.5-0.65 mm thick and possesses a high content of silicon for achieving better electromagnetic properties. The average content of silicon in such sheets is of the order of 1.3-0.8% and a core loss of roughly 2.3-3.6 W/kg, determined al a flux density of I W[ym and a frequency of 50 Hz. For medium-sized motors, in frames 400-710, silicon steel with a still better content of silicon, of the order of 1.3-1.8% having lower losses of the order of 2.3-1.8 W/kg is prefeired, with a thickness of lamination of 0.5-0.35 mm. 

To determine the value of p, the saturation or the B-H curve of the silicon steel being used must be available. Assuming a normal flux density for such a core to be 1 1 wb/ m (see also Section 1.9) and making use of a normal B-H curve as shown in Figure 28.28, the corresponding value of H for a value of B as 1.1 wb/m can be read as 200 A/m,... 

Silicon steel surface, effect of oxidation on x-ray emission spectrography, 221... 

Aluminium is added (0.1%) to molten steel to remove dissolved oxygen and nitrogen to prevent blowholes in castings. It reacts very violently with silicon steels. 

Ironmaking processes, 14 498-521 blast furnace, 14 498-509 direct reduction, 14 509-520 direct smelting, 14 520-521 Iron-manganese-silicon steels, 22 712 Iron melting channel melting furnaces, 12 316... 

Silicon stainless steels, 23 784 Silicon steel electrical sheets, 23 309 Silicon technology, 22 481 projection of, 22 23 It sensors based on, 22 266-269 Silicon tetrabromide... 

A 537 Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel [Note (5)]... 

Potent recrystallization-inhibitors will also be useful as additives to prevent recrystallization in materials such as grain oriented silicon steel or silicon-iron composites (22, 23). In a different venue, such compounds have applications in the food industry to enhance the texture and tastes of various frozen food products. 

Quality. JIS standard G2302 shows that the first class material has 88 93% silicon content and it is used for explosives(carlit) or generating hydrogen gas in combination with sodium hydroxide. From the second to the fifth class, the silicon contents are defined as 75 80 , 3 7%, 25 30%, 20 25% respectively, and these classes are used as the deoxidation against in iron manufacture or the silicon supply for manufacturing silicon steel plate etc. The sixth class has 15 19% silicon content and is used for acid-proof iron vessels. For firework use(for the red thermit) the first class is recommended. 

Silicon in the form of ferrosilicon is used in large quantities as a deoxidizing agent in steel manufacture. Silicon steel alloys are utilized as dynamo and transformer plates due to their soft magnetic properties, as machine tool steels, as spring steels and as corrosion resistant casting steels for chemical plant. 

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