Silicon-manganese steels

W.B. Steward, A Fractographlc Investigation of Explosively Fragmented Silicon-Manganese Steels By Scanning Electron Microscopy , FA-M72-1M (1972) 50) J.W S. Hearle,... 

Use Low-carbon steel in which silicon is not objectionable. Silicon manganese steels are used for springs and high-strength structural steels. 

Steel making, broadly speaking, is an oxidation process in which impurities such as carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur present in the pig iron are removed to specified levels. It can be anticipated from the Ellingham diagram that at about 1600 °C, the elements C, Si, and Mn would oxidize preferentially before iron undergoes excessive oxidation. The oxidation reactions may be represented by... 

Silicon hydrides, in growing amorphous silicon, 22 129-131 Silicon integrated circuits, 19 167 Siliconized coatings, 10 108 Silicon-killed free-machining steels, 24 424 Silicon lattice, 23 35 Silicon-manganese-zirconium, 26 638 Silicon microelectronics, sensor sensitivity and, 22 269... 

In this process, molten iron is refined to steel by mp-hlowing oxygen at high pressure onto the surface of the metal through a waier-eooled lance contained in a tilling furnace. The oxidation of carhon. silicon, manganese. 

The carbon conient of steels usually dues ntn exceed 1,7 >. In addition to carbon, j lmn einhon. steels contain small amounts of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur derived from Ihe raw materials and fuel used in the steelmaking process. Within limitations, silicon and manganese are beneficial anti often are purposely added, mainly because they are dcoxidants. Except in free-cutting steels, where sulfur is purposely added, sulfur and phosphorus are deleterious and their content is kept as low as... 

Steel 202 was treated with rare earth metals to modify the sulphide inclusions. The manganese and silicon concentrations are typical for silicon killed steels. 

The iron blast furnace, which is the first step in the production of steel, provides an example of a counter-current flow moving-bed reactor in which numerous gas-solid reactions occur. Iron ore, coke, and limestone are charged to the top, while hot air is fed to the bottom of a refractory-lined reactor vessel. The solids have a residence time of 6-8 hr, whereas the air residence time is only 6-8 sec. The iron ore may contain 50-70% iron, while the molten iron product will typically contain about 95% iron, 4% carbon, and 1% of a number of compounds including silicon, manganese, titanium, phosphorus, and sulfur. 

Higher tensile silicon-killed carbon-manganese steel, for use at intermediate and higher temperature. 38-42 70-80 BS. 1501-221 Grade 32B DIN 17155 19Mn5 ASTM A515 Grade 70... 

The word steel covers a wide variation in the carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus contents of the materials selected for insert manufacture. The proportion of these and various other elements, which may be present could affect the rate of build of the phosphate coating and also affects the crystal structure. 

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