Silicates binary

Haller, W., Blackburn,D. H. and Simmons, J. H. (1974) Miscibility Gaps in Alkali Silicate Binaries Detailed Thermodynamic Interpretation, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 57, 120-126. 

The natural layered silicate/maleic copolymer binary nanocomposites are obtained by solution intercalation method (Ray Okamoto, 2003). According to the chemical structme of maleic partner, the interaction between inorganic and organic components is performed at different ratios (1 1 1 2 and 2 1), in a mixture of 1 1 ethanol- water. Thus, we obtain maleic copolymer modified layered silicate binary nanocomposites PB/ MA-MMA (1 1 1 2 and 2 1) and PB/ MA-VA (1 1 1 2 and 2 1). 

Y. Vaills, Y. Luspin, G. Hauret, Two opposite effects of sodium on elastic constants of silicate binary glasses. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 40(2-3), 199-202 (1996)... 

The commercial production of silicon in the form of binary and ternary alloys began early in the twentieth century with the development of electric-arc and blast furnaces and the subsequent rise in iron (qv) and steel (qv) production (1). The most important and most widely used method for making silicon and silicon alloys is by the reduction of oxides or silicates using carbon (qv) in an electric arc furnace. Primary uses of silicon having a purity of greater than 98% ate in the chemical, aluminum, and electronics markets (for higher purity silicon, see Silicon AND SILICON ALLOYS, PURE SILICON). 

Binary silicate-based glasses, x-ray photoemission spectroscopic... 

Silicon-containing ceramics include the oxide materials, silica and the silicates the binary compounds of silicon with non-metals, principally silicon carbide and silicon nitride silicon oxynitride and the sialons main group and transition metal silicides, and, finally, elemental silicon itself. There is a vigorous research activity throughout the world on the preparation of all of these classes of solid silicon compounds by the newer preparative techniques. In this report, we will focus on silicon carbide and silicon nitride. 

Another classical example of demixing in the liquid state occurs in the system CaO-Si02 and other binary silicate systems where Si02 is mixed with basic oxides. While the solubility of Si02(l) in the basic oxide is high, there is a... 

Figure 7.24 Enthalpy of mixing of (a) binary silicate [48] (reprinted by permission of A. Navrotsky) and (b) fluoride systems [49].

The polarity values of binary acetonitrile/water and methanol/water mobile phases used in RPLC were measured and compared with methylene selectivity (acH2) for both traditional siliceous bonded phases and for a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin reversed-phase material [82], The variation in methylene selectivity for both was found to correlate best with percent organic solvent in methanol/water mixtures, whereas the polarity value provided the best correlation in acetonitrile/water mixtures. The polymeric resin column was found to provide higher methylene selectivity than the siliceous-bonded phase at all concentrations of organic solvent. 

Figure 7J Gibbs free energy curves and T-X phase stability relations between a phase with complete miscibility of components (silicate melt L) and a binary solid mixture with partial miscibility of components (crystals ]8). 

Fei Y, Saxena S. K., and Eriksson G. (1986). Some binary and ternary silicate solution models. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 94 221-229. 

Nath P. and Douglas R. W. (1965). Cr /Cr equilibrium in binary alkali silicate glasses. Phys. Chem. Glasses, 6 197-202. 

Appendix 2 was compiled and formatted by eomposition paralleling the presentation for the fibrous minerals. The list, in eontrast with that of the minerals, shows a predominanee of simple chemical compounds that combine two or three elements. One-third of the reeorded synthetie fibers are of elements or binary alloys. Another third are compounds such as sulfides, phosphides, and halides that do not eontain oxygen (Table 2.9). Only three synthetic fibrous silicate compounds etre listed, although undoubtedly other experimental silicate combinations have been made but not recorded by us. 

The binary representation is applicable to various other oxide materials. However, an important distinction can be made between borates and other main group element oxide systems, such as aluminates and silicates. In the latter systems cations predominantly reside at sites created by the demands of rigid anionic oxide frameworks. Although some degree of structural control may be obtained by varying cations or by use of template synthesis, the oxide frameworks of these systems tend to be relatively inflexible in comparison with... 

Uphill diffusion of some components is reported in silicate melts (e.g., Sato, 1975 Watson, 1982a Zhang et al., 1989 Lesher, 1994 Van Der Laan et al., 1994). Recall that uphill diffusion in binary systems is rare and occurs only when the two-component phase undergoes spinodal decomposition. In multicomponent systems, uphiU diffusion often occurs even when the phase is stable, and may be explained by cross-effects of diffusion by other components. 

With each level of increased sophistication, the complexity of treating a diffusion problem increases tremendously, especially for natural silicate melts that have a large number of components. The simplest method (effective binary approach) is the most often used, but it cannot treat the diffusion of many components (such as those that show uphill diffusion). All the other methods have not been applied much to natural silicate melts. 

Despite the various drawbacks, the effective binary approach is still widely used and will be widely applied to natural systems in the near future because of the difficulties of better approaches. For major components in a silicate melt, it is possible that multicomponent diffusivity matrices will be obtained as a function of temperature and melt composition in the not too distant future. For trace components, the effective binary approach (or the modified effective binary approach in the next section) will likely continue for a long time. The effective binary diffusion approach may be used under the following conditions (but is not limited to these conditions) with consistent and reliable results (Cooper, 1968) ... 

If the compositional difference along the diffusion direction is primarily in one component, and the difference in other components is due to the dilution effect, then diffusion of this component (not necessarily the other components) may be treated as effective binary, and the EBDC can be applied reliably to similar situations. Some examples are a diffusion couple made of dry rhyolite on one half and hydrous rhyolite on the other half, the hydration or dehydration of a silicate melt, and adsorption of a gas component by a glass. 

For the calculation of convective dissolution rate of a falling crystal in a silicate melt, the diffusion is multicomponent but is treated as effective binary diffusion of the major component. The diffusivity of the major component obtained from diffusive dissolution experiments of the same mineral in the same silicate melt is preferred. Diffusivities obtained from diffusion-couple experiments or other types of experiments may not be applicable because of both compositional effect... 

Table 4-4 Effective binary diffusivities ((im /s) in "dry" silicate meits at 1573 K...

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