Ternary Silicates

Acharya, H., Srivastava, S. K., and Bhowmick, A. K. 2006. Ethylene propylene diene teipolymer/ ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate ternary nanocomposite by solution method. Polymer Engineering and Science 46 837-843. 

P. Motamedi, R. Bagheri, Investigation of the nanostructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6/layered silicate ternary nanocomposites. Materials and Design 31 (4) (2010) 1776-1784. 

The commercial production of silicon in the form of binary and ternary alloys began early in the twentieth century with the development of electric-arc and blast furnaces and the subsequent rise in iron (qv) and steel (qv) production (1). The most important and most widely used method for making silicon and silicon alloys is by the reduction of oxides or silicates using carbon (qv) in an electric arc furnace. Primary uses of silicon having a purity of greater than 98% ate in the chemical, aluminum, and electronics markets (for higher purity silicon, see Silicon AND SILICON ALLOYS, PURE SILICON). 

Mattioli and Bishop (1984), the mixture is of regular type but has a positive bulk interaction parameter between 0.6 and 3 kcal/mole. Extension to multicomponent mixtures was attempted by Berman (1990), Ganguly (personal communication), and Ottonello et al. (in prep.). Berman (1990) applied the model of Berman and Brown (1984), originally conceived for silicate melts, to aluminiferous garnets and deduced the magnitude of ternary interaction parameters by applying... 

Fei Y, Saxena S. K., and Eriksson G. (1986). Some binary and ternary silicate solution models. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 94 221-229. 

Richardson F. D. (1956). Activities in ternary silicate melts. Trans. Faraday Soc., 52 1312-1324. 

Values of a diffusion coefficient matrix, in principle, can be determined from multicomponent diffusion experiments. For ternary systems, the diffusivity matrix is 2 by 2, and there are four values to be determined for a matrix at each composition. For quaternary systems, there are nine unknowns to be determined. For natural silicate melts with many components, there are many unknowns to be determined from experimental data by fitting experimental diffusion profiles. When there are so many unknowns, the fitting of experimental concentration... 

Shibata, T., Takahashi, E., Matsuda, J. (1998) Solubility of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon in binary and ternary silicate systems A new view on noble gas solubility. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62, 1241-53. 

Ternary cation exchange, 216 Tetrahedral coordination, 102 Titration curves, 27-29, 154-159 Equivalence points, 28-29 pH-bufifering, 86-88 Acid clays and soils, 154-160 Total dissolved solids (TDS), 479, 491 Toxicity, 484 Indicators, 484 Ceriodaphnia, 484 Water fleas, 484 TIEs, 484 Metals, 484 Hard- metals, 12 Soft-metals, 12 Triazines, 345, 357 Trioctahedral silicates, 121... 

Figure 2.7. Variations of contact angle with time for ternary silicate glasses containing Si02 and Na20 in a 4 1 mole ratio with additions of Ti02 on Pt substrates (Hocking and Rivers 1982). The R(t) curves are calculated from contact angles values assuming a spherical shape for the drop and taking a...

Barzakovsky V.P., Lapin V.V., Boykova L.I., Kurtseva N.N., Diagrams of State of Silicate Systems Issue 4. Ternary Oxide Systems. Leningrad Nauka, 1974. 

An important aspect of empirical potential parameterization is the question of transferability. Are, for example, models derived in the study of binary oxides, transferable to ternary oxides Considerable attention has been paid to this problem by Cormack et al., who have examined the use of potentials in spinel oxides, for example, MgAl204, NiCr204, and so on in addition Parker and Price have made a very careful study of silicates especially Mg2Si04. These studies conclude that transferability works well in many cases. However, systematic modifications are needed when potentials are transferred to compounds with different coordination numbers. For example, the correct modeling of MgAl204 requires that the potential developed for MgO, in which the magnesium has octahedral coordination, be modified in view of the tetrahedral coordination of Mg in the ternary oxide. The correction factor is based on the difference Ar between the effective ionic radii for the different coordination numbers. If an exponential, Bom-Mayer, repulsive term is used, the preexponential factor is modified as follows ... 

Figure 12 Ternary plots of molecular proportions of Al203-(Na20 + CaO )-K20 with the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) scale shown on the left. Also plotted are selected idealized igneous and sedimentary minerals and the range of typical natural waters. Squares are suspended sediments from major rivers throughout the world representing a variety of climatic regimes. CaO is the silicate bound concentration only (after McLennan et al., 2003).

Figure 13 Ternary plots of mole fraction Al203(A)-CaO + Na20 in silicates (CN)-K20(K) (note that the lower part of the ternary diagrams, A < 40, is not shown). The plagioclase-K-feldspar join, at A = 50, and illite and smectite compositions (thick bars) as in Figure 12. Fields encompassing data from Fore Arc and Trailing Edge tectonic settings are shown in stippled patterns (after Me Lennan et al., 1990).

---