Resins polystyrene-divinylbenzene

The polarity values of binary acetonitrile/water and methanol/water mobile phases used in RPLC were measured and compared with methylene selectivity (acH2) for both traditional siliceous bonded phases and for a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin reversed-phase material [82], The variation in methylene selectivity for both was found to correlate best with percent organic solvent in methanol/water mixtures, whereas the polarity value provided the best correlation in acetonitrile/water mixtures. The polymeric resin column was found to provide higher methylene selectivity than the siliceous-bonded phase at all concentrations of organic solvent. 

Polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins are the most efficient solid sorbents tested for the accumulation of mutagenic agents from water. This greater efficiency recommends their use in bioassay programs for the preliminary assessment of health risks associ-... 

An improved high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure Tor the PSP toxins is described. The method involves separation of the toxins on a polystyrene divinylbenzene resin colunn (Hamilton, PRP-1) in the reversed phase mode using heptane and hexane sulfonic acids as ion-pairing reagents. Detection of the toxins is by fluorescence following post-column alkaline periodate oxidation. The sensitivity of the HPLC method is better than the standard mouse bioassay by at least a factor of four for each of the individual toxins. 

Toxin Separations. A number of columns have been evaluated for suitability using the HPLC method. Of all columns tested to date, the Hamilton PRP-1 column (polystyrene divinylbenzene resin) has proven to be the most useful. Toxin retention on this column is controlled by 1) methanol concentration, 2) mobile phase ionic strength, 3) chain length of the ion-pair reagent, and M) mobile phase pH. 

For the SPE of the more polar aromatic sulfonates, IPs with tetralkylammonium are previously formed [85,93,94]. The combination of the formation of IP with cetyltrimethylammonium and SPE is efficacious in the extraction of benzene and naphthalene sulfonates from an aqueous environment. Good recoveries are also obtained with octylammonium acetate as the IP agent, both when it is added to the aqueous sample prior to the extraction and when it saturates the solid phase to produce an anion-exchange column [95,96]. An alternative approach is based on the use of deactivated charcoal (Carbonpack B) [96] or of chemically modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins [85]. Often graphitized carbon black (GCB) is used for the clean-up process of the sample [96]. 

PSHPAMP polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin carrying an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-aminomethylpyridine ligand PVP poly(4-vinylpyridine)... 

The other isolation methods evaluated employed solid adsorbents to isolate the model solutes (6-8). The first of these used XAD-4, a macroreticular, polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin (Rohm and Haas), into which trimethylamine groups had been introduced (9). The purpose of the resulting quaternary ammonium functional groups was to allow more efficient adsorption of acidic compounds without an appreciable loss of capacity for hydrophobic compounds. This feature is important because the vast majority of the organic matter in potable water is neutral or acidic in nature (JO). 

Benzoic acid, SA, and EsHBA can be also well separated using an isocratic elution. After separation on a Sep-Pak C)g cartridge, the sample was injected on a Rhodex RSpak DS-613 column containing a rigid polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin. An eluent, 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile (60 40), was directed to the UV detector, which operated at 230 nm (2,55). 

The 2.2.2 column is especially advantageous in the determination of fluoride ion, which in traditional IC often elutes so early as to be masked by the injection peak. [32] In similar fashion, Tsai and Shih [33] derivatized polystyrene/divinylbenzene resin with cryptand 2.2.2 for the ion chromatographic separation of cations or anions. 

Boc-Gly-OH Boc-Pro-OH Boc-Leu-OH Boc-Trp-OH Pyroglutamic acid Boc-His(Tosyl)-OH N,N -Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide N-Boc, O-2-bromobenzoyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine Benzhydrylamino-polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin... 

In the reaction vessel of a Beckman 990 Peptide Synthesizer was placed 0.8 g (0.8 mmol) of benzhydrylamino-polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin (Lab Systems, Inc.) as described by Rivaille, supra. Amino acids were added sequentially to this resin by means of the usual methods of Boc-strategy of peptide synthesis on above copolymer. 

We are interested in the application of polymers as adsorbents, ion exchangers, fuel cells, and permeable materials. In this regard, the first resins with some of these properties were obtained by D Aleleio in 1944 based on the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene. Unfunctionalized polystyrene resins cross-linked with divinylbenzene (Amberlite) are widely applied as adsorbents [191,192], In addition, the polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins functionalized with sulfuric acid (sulfonation) to create negatively charged sulfonic sites are applied as cation exchangers, and treated by chloromethylation followed by animation produce anionic resins [193,194],... 

In the presence of 0.5 mol equiv. of DBU at 50°C for 28 hr, N-protected amino acids or peptides were anchored to chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin without racemization to give N-protected aminoacyl or peptidyl resins in good yield (77CPB1143). 

Sevenich and Fritz [9] published a comprehensive study of metal cation selectivity with resins of a more modern type. The studies were made on a column packed with a 12% cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin 12-15 mm in diameter and with an exchange capacity of 6.1 pequiv/g. The resins were prepared by rapid sulfonation so that the sulfonic acid groups are concentrated on the outer perimeter of the resin beads [10]. 

Two different approaches can be used for the preparation of functionalized polymers Polymerization of functionalized monomers and chemical modification of preformed resins. Initially we selected this second approach, using polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins, as this allows to work with materials of well known structural characteristics. 

Anchoring group, linker, a group bound to the polymeric support for the attachment of the first amino add in polymer-supported peptide synthesis. The chloromethyl group was the first anchoring moiety in the polystyrene/divinylbenzene resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis devdoped by Bruce Merrifield [R. B. Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 2149]. 

Due to modification of the macroporous polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin Tkmberlite XAD-1, the ion exchanger containing functional tertiary amine groups was obtained. This ion exchanger was used for separation of noble metal ions. Separation of Rh(ni), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) ions mixture was achieved using suitable eluents ... 

IR spectra of [PdCy groups fixed on surfaces of Amberlite A-27, Dowex-1 and polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins containing -N (0113)3 surface groups and Cl , were examined by impregnating the polymers with K2PdCl4 solutions [201]. The supported salts were active in decomposing c clohexyl hydroperoxide to tni/u-2-hexanal. Nonetheless, the same results were obtained with soluble analogues of these catalysts when diffusion was unhindered in the reaction process. 

Figure 23-10 Purification of carbon nanotubes by molecular exclusion chromatography. An electric arc struck between graphite rods creates nanometer-size carbon products, including tubes with extraordinary strength and possible use in electronic devices. Molecular exclusion chromatography separates nanotubes (fraction i) from other forms of carbon in fractions 2 and 3. The stationary phase is PLgel MIXED-A, a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin with pore sizes corresponding to a molecular mass range of 2 000 to 40 000 000 Da. Images of carbon in each fraction were made by atomic force microscopy. [B. Zao, H. Hu, S. Niyogi, M. E. Itkis. M. A. Hamon, P. Bhowmik, M. S. Meier, and R. C. Haddon, . Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, i23,11673.]...

Yamamoto S, Hakoda M, Oda T, Hosono M (2007) Rational method for designing efficient separations by chromatography on polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins eluted with aqueous ethanol. J Chromatogr A 1162 50-55... 

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