Signal transduction mitogen-activated protein kinase

Bode, A.M. and Dong, Z. 2003. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in UV-induced signal transduction. 

Pierce, R.C., Pierce-Bancroft, A.F., Prasad, B.M. Neurotrophin-3 contributes to the initiation of behavioral sensitization to cocaine by activating the Ras/Mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction cascade. J. Neurosci. 19 8685, 1999. 

Fig. 6. Role of signal transduction pathways in phosphorylating H3 at Ser-10 and Ser-28. The Ras-MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway is activated by EGF (epidermal growth factor) and TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). UV-B activates both the Ras-MAPK pathway and the p38 kinase pathway (for more information about the signal transduction pathways see http // kinase, oci.utoronto.ca/signallingmap.html).

The A3 Receptor and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Signal Transduction Cascade... 

HIF-la expression and activity are also regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways (Zhong et al. 2000 Semenza 2002). 

Figure 22.3 Signaling pathways activated by CpG DNA. CpG is thought to enter the cell via a pH-dependent step that may be receptor mediated. There is a possible role for the toll like receptor 9 (TLR-9). Once inside the cell, CpG DNA appears to act, through a number of signal transduction pathways, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), the ubiquitination and degradation of IrcB, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which ultimately lead to the induction of activating protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB).

D6. Davis, R. J., The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 14553-14556(1993). 

A recently identified thyroid hormone cell surface receptor on the extracellular domain of integrin alphaVbeta (3) leads to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction cascade in human cell lines, Examples of MAPK-dependent thyroid hormone actions are plasma membrane ion pump stimulation and specific nuclear events, These events include serine phosphorylation of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, leading to co-activator protein recruitment and complex tissue responses, such as thyroid hormone-induced angiogenesis, The existence of this cell surface receptor means that the activity of the administered hormone could be limited through structural modification of the molecule to reproduce only those hormone actions initiated at the cell surface (8,9). 

Florian JA, Watts SW. Integration of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase activation in vascular 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor signal transduction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998 284 346-355. 

Kyriakis JM, Avruch J. 2001. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation. Physiol Rev 81 807-869. 

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