Signal flares

Sigma (s-) receptors Signal flares Signaling smokes Signal modulators Signal processing... 

Group 2 Nitrate/metal/sulphur compositions Compositions with >65% chlorate Black powder Nitrate/boron compositions Burn violently Large firework shells Fuse unprotected signal flares Non-pressed report bullets (bird scarers) Report cartridges (unpacked) Black matches (uncovered) Accelerating single-item explosions... 

Group 3 Nitrate/metal compositions without sulphur Compositions with <35-65% chlorate Compositions with black powder Lead oxide/silicon with >60% lead oxides Perchlorate/metal Burn fast Large firework shells Fuse protected signal flares Pressed report cartridges in primary packagings Quickmatches in transport packagings Waterfalls Silver wheels Volcanoes Black powder delays Burn very violently with single-item explosions... 

Flares, Signaling Devices, and other Pyrotechnics. A large number of formulations contg K perchlorate have been reported. Some devices which use these are red RR signal flares (Refs 2 22, p 275) parachute flares (Ref 6) stars for use in signaling pistols (Very pistols) (Refs 5. 22, p 275) variously colored flares (Refs 19, pp 197-8 22, p 275) stars and other components of display fireworks (Refs 16 32) ... 

Longhorn AAP is involved in the manufacuture of the 4.2 illuminating flares. Two sites, buildings B-7 and 34Y, were selected for dust and electrostatic measurements. In building B-7, 4.2 aluminum candles are processed while, in Building 34-Y, white signal flares are manufactured. 

Figure 8. Dust and electrostatic sampling locations in the signal flare production process in Building 34-Y, Longhorn AAP.

When strontium metal is exposed to water, it releases hydrogen, as do the other earth metals (Sr + 2HjO —> Sr(OH)2 + H T). Strontium can ignite when heated above its melting point. When in a fine powder form, it will burn spontaneously in air. It must be stored in an inert atmosphere or in naphtha. Several of its salts burn with a bright red flame, making it useful in signal flares and fireworks. 

Barium nitrate [Ba(NOj)2] burns with a bright green flame and is used in signal flares and pyrotechnics. It can be produced by treating barium carbonate with nitric acid. 

This method was applied earlier to produce floating signal flares at sea. Floating cans of calcium phosphide were punctuated to admit sea water to generate phosphine, which ignited spontaneously to emit flares. The flares could not be extinguished by wind or water. 

Type 93 4-cm Signal Flare was in two types a) Trailing White Stars and b) Green Comet. They are described on p 240 and illustrated in Fig 391 ... 

Navy Hand Signal Flare was cardboard tube 12% inches long filled with a flare mixture and fixed on a wood handle. The flare was ignited by a pull igniter wire which extended down the tube (p 241, Fig 393 of Ref 1) ... 

Navy Ground Signal Flares were cylindrical cardboard containers 3% inches long 1 % inches in diam, filled with red, white or green compns. Used to signal aircraft from the ground (p 242, Fig 396 of Ref 1) ... 

Smoke Signal Flare, used as navigation aids by pilots, is described on p SO of Ref 1... 

Fusie retardie — Delay fuze Fusie de signalisation — Signal flare or rocket Refs 1) A.M. Patterson, "A French- English Dictionary for Chemists , J. Wiley, NY (1921), 16 2) Anon, "Italian and French... 

SF signal flare Shoanyaku Jap coal mining expls... 

Since BaN has the property of emitting green light when heated, it has been used in signal flares, signal rockets, stars, railroad torches, tracer compns and some compns producing white light... 

As can be seen from the data in Table 3, little work has been done on recycling the majority of pyrotechnic basic mats with the exception of the Mg and Na nitrate in illuminating flares and dyes in smoke compns. Current investigations consist of attempts to recover P from signal flares (Ref 27). However, the work to-date can be considered as a pilot activity which can be further developed and applied to other pyrot items and compns... 

Signals, Flare or Smoke. See under Pyrotechnics in Vol 8, P505-R to P508-R... 

Pyrotechnics include illuminating flares, signaling flares, colored and white smoke generators, tracers, incendiary delays, fuses, and photo-flash compounds. Pyrotechnics usually are composed of an inorganic oxidizer and metal powder in a binder. Illuminating flares contain sodium nitrate, magnesium, and a binder. Signaling flares contain barium, strontium, or other metal nitrates [1]. 

The flares examined were the only ones used by the security forces at the time. A brief review of the literature193 195 on pyrotechnics/flares indicates that lead and antimony compounds are infrequently used and when used do not occur together. Barium compounds are frequently used, particularly in signal flares. From the literature it is apparent that residues from flares could not be confused with FDR as the elements lead, antimony, and barium would be accompanied by other elements that would clearly indicate a non-FDR source. 

The flame of a signal flare was applied to a outside of the medium case containg 20 small cases for five minutes, and the burning behavior was taken place. After 30 seconds partial burning but no explosion had occured. 

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