Flare mixture

Example Optimization of the Four Component Flare Mixture. The formulation of the previously discussed flare example was optimized by the Complex algorithm to yield the maximum intensity. The McLean and Anderson mixture equation (9), fit using normal component values and constraints, produced an optimum formulation at X . 5232, X2 . 2299, Xj . 1669, and X . 0800. The Gorman pseudocomponent equation for the same mixture data (7), constrained using... 

Test results ( , ) for several candidate materiaIs (Table III) are reported which span the range of energetic capacity. Those values which exceed the threshold are highly susoect and have been known to result in serious fires in the past. Mix No. 1, (M49A1, Trip Flare Mixture) is a "safe" mixture that is insensitive to electrical spark, impact, and friction. It does not have a fast bum rate on the Vee Block tester and it has a low pressure-rate-of-rise. 

Navy Hand Signal Flare was cardboard tube 12% inches long filled with a flare mixture and fixed on a wood handle. The flare was ignited by a pull igniter wire which extended down the tube (p 241, Fig 393 of Ref 1) ... 

The most ambitious and also least innocuous training devices are the ones which are meant to simulate an atomic bomb. The EX ModO Nuclear Air-Burst Simulator is an air-launched bomb weighing in excess of 500 lb and containing various flash, smoke, and sound charges. With a total of 300 lb of a modified magnesium flare mixture, red phosphorus, and high exPlosive, it produces an impressive fire ball and mushroom cloud. ... 

Memo, C. W. Tyson, aS Nov 41, sub Info Gained from Messrs H. F. Allen and H. Austin on Building Construction Abroad. CRL Corres File ProJ AB.d—1—Incendiaries, Solid Oil, FY 194a. KCRC (a) Thermate was a mixture of >0 percent thermite and ao percent of the Ordnance Department s Ms flare mixture. 

A flare mixture contains 45% Ba(N03>2,35% Mg, and 20% polyvinyl chloride (PVC, C2H3CI polymer). Is this mixture fuel rich or fuel lean ... 

Military white flare mixture Sodium nitrate 49... 

Store flare mixture away from heat and flame until ready for use, but no longer than 3 weeks. 

Strontium is softer than calcium and decomposes in water more vigorously. It does not absorb nitrogen below 380oC. It should be kept under kerosene to prevent oxidation. Freshly cut strontium has a silvery appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air. Volatile strontium salts impart a beautiful crimson color to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics and in the production of flares. Natural strontium is a mixture of four stable isotopes. 

Potassium chlorate is used mainly in the manufacture of matches (qv) and pharmaceutical preparation. In pyrotechnics, chlorate salts may be mixed with certain organic compounds such as lactose to give a relatively cool flame, so that certain dyes may be incorporated in the mixture to give colored flares. 

In this design, the inboard labyrinth of the DGS is fed with seal gas that is compatible with the process gas. The outboard labyrinth is injected with an inert gas. With this arrangement, the bearing housing is purged with inert gas, the seal gas leakage is minimized, and the mixture of seal gas and inert gas is vented to a flare or disposal system. Figure 6-21 shows a cross-section of a turboexpander with AMB and DGS. 

Flare systems are subject to potential flashback and internal explosion since flammable vapor/air mixtures may be formed in the stack or inlet piping by the entry of air, and the pilot constitutes a continuous ignition source. Flares are therefore always provided with flashback protection, which prevents a flame front from travelling back to the upstream piping and equipment. Design details are described later. 

In the case of heavier-than-air purge gas, there is no buoyancy mechanism causing air entry into the stack, and there is thus no incentive to include a dry seal. Unlike a water seal, a dry seal cannot prevent a flashback from traveling upstream if a combustible mixture has been formed by the entry of air into the safety valve or flare headers. It only protects against internal burning flashback... 

Flare A device used to burn rich mixtures of combustible waste gases containing pollutants. 

U = lateral wind velocity, ft/sec Uj = flare tip velocity, ft/sec UEL = upper explosive or flammable limit, percent of mixture of flammable gases only in air... 

Ammonium nitrate detonates at temperatures greater than 250 C when it is pure, but at 170° and above in the presence of chloride ions, in particular with ammonium chloride (in the presence of this, a mixture of zinc powder and ammonium nitrate, in contact with a few drops of water, created a spectacular flare-up). Also, if it is heated with 50% of its weight in water, it detonates. 

The tetrachloroethylene/aluminium/zinc oxide mixture was used as a military flare . 

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