Shrimp larvae

Wilson, J.E., R.B. Forward, Jr., and J.D. Costlow. 1985. Effects of embryonic exposure to sublethal concentrations of dimilin on the photobehavior of grass shrimp larvae. Pages 377-396 in FJ. Vernberg, F.P. Thurberg, S. Calabrese, and W. Vernberg (eds.). Marine Pollution and Physiology Recent Advances. Univ. South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC. 

Figure 5. HPLC profile of extracts of 3H-naphthalene-exposed spot shrimp larvae...

LC50 (8-d) for grass shrimp larvae 100 ppm (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). 

In summary, McDonough and Hemmingsen (ref. 419) conclude that the extreme resistance of the brine shrimp larva to bubble formation is consistent with the hypothesis that the intracellular environment of eucaryotic cells is intrinsically very resistant to bubble nucleation. The added results for the adult brine shrimp, copepods, and larval decapods show that resistance can still be quite high, even though circulatory systems and lipid storage depots are present. Finally, the much lower resistance of... 

The plant extracts tested exhibited various levels of toxicity against Brine shrimp larvae as shown in Table 1. The results shown however are for six plant species (C. erythrocarpos, C. arborea, D. steudneri, P. microcarpa, S. ellipticum and Z. scabra) since extracts of L. schimperi and R. vomitoria did not dissolve well in DMSO to allow serial dilutions for the experiment. 

Zooplankton Copepods Euphausiids Crab Shrimp larvae... 

Earlier, we have reported the bioactivity of kaempferitrin and ursolic acid from H. verticillata against brine shrimp larvae. Both compounds were found to be toxic with LC50 = 21.9 ppm and 29.8... 

Nascimenlo, J.E., A.F.M. Melo, T.C. Lima E SUva, et al. 2008. Phytochemical screening and toxicological bioassay with brine shrimp larvae Artemia salina) of three medicinal species of the genus Phyllanthus (PhyUanthaceae). Rev. Cien. Farm. Basica Apl. 29(2) 143-148. 

Pomegranate seed oil was not toxic to brine shrimp larvae (Fatope et al. 2002). 

Toxicity LC50 (8-day) for grass shrimp larvae 100 ppm (Verschueren, 1983) acute oral LD50 for rats 6,900 mg/kg (Verschueren, 1983), 6,800 mg/kg (RTECS, 1985). 

AP = abalone postlarvae BL = bivalve larvae BP = bivalve postlarvae BB = bivalve broodstock FZ MZ = marine zooplankton PL = penaeid shrimp larvae. 

Thanks to this last characteristic, rotifers can be cultured on many feed sources (e.g. microalgae or yeast cells) and, even more important, their nutritional composition can be adjusted in a relatively short time (called enrichment) to better suit the nutritional requirements of the predator (e.g. fish or shrimp larvae). In the culture of fresh water rotifers, B. calyciflorus, pH is important due to the ammonia-ammonium equilibrium. 

As rotifers are the first feed of fish/shrimp larvae, their bacterial load can have a major impact on their survival (Benavente and Gatesoupe, 1988). This has led to studies on the reduction of the number of bacteria after the rotifer harvest. Munro et al (1999) found that UV light could reduce the bacterial load by more the 90 % after 2 min exposure. Suantika et al (2001) used ozone in a recirculation system to reduce bacteria densities in the rotifer culture. However, in both studies there was no effect on the microbial composition. Tanasomwang and Muroga (1992) found that sodium nifurstyrenate could lower the bacterial load by 10-100 times, while the bacterial community shifted towards fewer Vibrio and more Pseudomonas and/or Moraxella. Takaoka et al (2011) were able to reduce... 

Therefore, a better technique seems to be to try to replace the existing, potentially pathogenic microllora by one that is harmless or even beneficial to the fish or shrimp larvae, by applying probiotic mixtures to the live feed cultures, eventually preceded by an initial disinfection treatment. Several studies (e.g. Skjermo and Vadstein, 1999 Gatesoupe, 2002) proved that this is feasible sometimes with enhanced performance of the predator larvae. 

DEFOIRDT T and SORGELOOS P (2012) Monitoring of Vibrio harveyi quorum sensing activity in real time during infection of brine shrimp larvae. The ISME Journal, doi 10.1038/ismej.2012.58. 

This rapid expansion of white shrimp production in Asia resulted from widespread availability of High Health PL derived from SPF broodstock. To produce High Health PL requires use of SPF broodstock combined with good biosecurity at the hatchery. If shrimp larvae produced from SPF broodstock are infected with disease during their hatchery phase, the benefits of using SPF shrimp are lost. Thus best use of SPF broodstock in a shrimp hatchery requires special attention to biosecurity to produce true SPF or High Health PL. 

Shrimp larvae Artemia EC50 - 48 hours 40,42-72 984-1560 Lethality Lago medio... 

Two tmusual compoixnds, an N-acyltaurine derivative and a ribofuranosyl-triazole, were isolated from the Chinese Glyptocidaris crmularis but none of these showed significant toxicity against brine shrimp larvae (Zhou a al., 2010b). 

Two new lipodepsipeptides - taumycins A and B - have been isolated from the same Madagascar sponge. Both are toxic to brine shrimp larvae but only taumycin A inhibits the growth of the human leukemic cell line UT-7 (Bishara et al, 2008c). Subsequently, other specimens of the same sponge led to the isolation of Tausalarin C, an unusual bisdepsipeptide related to salarin A and taumycin A (Bishara et al, 2009b). 

Lytophilippins A-C are three new chlorinated macrolactones isolated from the hydrarian (fireweed) Lytocarpus philippinus harvested in the Red Sea in the Gulf of Eilat. These atypical derivatives are toxic to shrimp larvae (Rezanka, Hanus, and Dembitsky, 2004). Lytophilippin C is an oleic acid ester (9-18 1). 

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