Shoulder joint

Electrolysis of solutions containing Au(CN)2 is widely used to recover gold from solution (electrowinning) [17]. The process is also used to deposit gold coverings for electrons (e.g. printed circuit boards, electrical connectors) and most recently for hip and shoulder joint replacement surgery. 

EC Reclassifies hip, knee and shoulder joint replacements as Class 111 devices by way of derogation from the general classification rules... 

Carbon-based molecules can have different spatial orientations called conformations. Flex your wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints, and you ll find your arm passing through a range of conformations. Likewise, organic molecules can twist and turn about their carbon—carbon single bonds and thus have a range of... 

Some examples of implants of aluminium oxide are teeth, teeth anchorings, the head of the hip joint, phalanges of the foot, knee, finger joints, shoulder joints, coating promoting tissue ingrowths and heart valves. 

The natural hip joint, like the shoulder joint, consists of a ball-and-socket connection. Many combinations of materials have been tried for this and other joints. In general metal-metal joints are unsatisfactory because of high corrosion and friction that result in joint immobilization. All ceramic joints often fracture too readily, and all plastic joints usually lack strength in at... 

Following intravenous injection, 45-50% of " Tc-diphosphonates (MDP, HDP, DPD) accumulate in the skeleton, while most of the rest is excreted in the urine. Maximum bone accumulation occurs 1 h after injection and remains constant for 72 h. The determining factors for bone uptake of " Tc-phosphonate complexes are an increased blood flow to the skeleton and reactive bone formation, causing avid extraction by the bone mineral matrix (Jones et al. 1976 Sahni et al. 1993). Symmetric areas of increased activity concentration are seen in the metaphyseal zones in the growing skeleton. Ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, shoulder joints, pelvic bones, and vertebrae show increased uptake in the normal anterior bone scintigram (Saha 1987). 

If ketamine is used as the sole anesthetic in the attempted reduction of a dislocated shoulder joint, its actions will include (A) Analgesia Bradycardia Hypotension Muscle rigidity Respiratory depression... 

Ahmed Z, White TD, Bourdeau, PL (1993) Pavement drainage and pavement-shoulder joint evaluation and rehabilitation. Purdue University and Indiana Dept of Transportation, West Lafayette... 

FIGURE 45.10 Miscellaneous examples of prostheses for total joint replacement (a) ankle, (b) socket-ball shoulder joint, (c) hinged elbow joint, and (d) encapsulated finger joint... 

Basmajian J.V. and Bazant Ef 1959. Factors preventing downward dislocation of the adducted shoulder joint An electromyographic and morphological study. J. Bone Joint Surg. 41A 1182. 

Inman V.T., Saunders J.B. deCM, and Abbott L.C. 1944. Observations on the function of the shoulder joint. J. Bone Joint Surg. 26A 1. 

Horizontal abduction Horizontal Longitudinal Movement of the arm in a posterior direction away from the midhne of the body with the shoulder joint in 9C of either flexion or abduction. 

Another version of PE, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is used as a specialty plastic (in artificial hip, knee and shoulder joints), mainly due to its exceptional impact strength, low wear, good stress-crack resistance, durability, and excellent energy absorption characteristics. 

For decades now, hip acetabula, knee plateaus, shoulder joint capsules, and other implant components have been made of, for example, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE). The material used is so-called medical UHMW PE,... 

Lugli T. 1978. Artificial shoulder joint by Pean (1893). The facts of an exceptional intervention and the prosthetic method. Clin Orftopl33 215-218. 

Warner J.J., and R.E Warren. 2001. Quantitative determination of articular pressure in the human shoulder joint. / Shoulder Elbow Surg 5 496-497. 

Current electric powered prosthetic elbows can attain about 12.2 N-m (9 ftdbf) of live-lift (lift by the elbows own motor mechanism) at speeds of about 2 rad/s (Boston Elbow III, Liberating Technology, Inc., Mass.). Body-powered eltows are limited by the speed and strength of the user and the efficiency of the linkage used to connect the user and e component. Humeral rotation for elbow components, with the exception of the RIMJET body-powered humeral rotator (RIMJET, Fla.), is achieved with manually positioned friction joints or turntables. The only shoulder joints available are also passive, manually-positioned units that use friction or a lock to hold their position. 

Swieszkowski et al. studied the use of PVA-C as cartilage replacement for the shoulder joint. PVA-C was used as the articular layer of the glenoid component. The mechanical effects of using this material in the glenoid component were evaluated and a model of the cryogel as a hyperelastic material was developed to allow design modifications to limit contact stress [96]. 

Swieszkowski W, Ku D, Bersee H, Kurzydlowsld K (2006) An elastic material for cartilage replacement in an arthritic shoulder Joint. Biomaterials 27 1534-1541... 

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