Shot pump

Programmable transfer pumps, better known as shot pumps, are another equipment variation available for robotic dispensing of adhesives and sealants (Fig. 3). In shot pump systems, the dispensing gun has a fixed needle-and-seat arrangement, providing a constant orifice diameter. 

In the most common production method, the semibatch process, about 10% of the preemulsified monomer is added to the deionised water in the reactor. A shot of initiator is added to the reactor to create the seed. Some manufacturers use master batches of seed to avoid variation in this step. Having set the number of particles in the pot, the remaining monomer and, in some cases, additional initiator are added over time. Typical feed times ate 1—4 h. Lengthening the feeds tempers heat generation and provides for uniform comonomer sequence distributions (67). Sometimes skewed monomer feeds are used to offset differences in monomer reactivity ratios. In some cases a second monomer charge is made to produce core—shell latices. At the end of the process pH adjustments are often made. The product is then pumped to a prefilter tank, filtered, and pumped to a post-filter tank where additional processing can occur. When the feed rate of monomer during semibatch production is very low, the reactor is said to be monomer starved. Under these... 

Pump Casing Impeller Pump Frome Split Gland Shot ... 

There are many kinds of loss-lubrication systems. Most types of linear bearings are necessarily lubricated by this means. An increasingly popular method of lubrication is by automatic or manually operated one-shot lubricators. With these devices, a metered quantity of oil or grease is delivered to any number of points from a single reservoir. The operation may be carried out manually, using a hand-pump, or automatically, by means of an electric or hydraulic pump. Mechanical pumps are usually controlled by an electric timer, feeding lubricant at preset intervals, or are linked to a constantly moving part of the machine. 

The traditional arrangement of simple spherical glassware and Isomantles with full-power on-off controllers monitored by mercury thermometers, would still be widely recognised. So too would be the plug-shot piston pumps set up and monitored by use of measuring cylinders. Although tried and tested this hardware system requires constant attention by a skilled lab. technician to achieve control and reproducibility of even the first-order process parameters manual data collection is hardly feasible at better than 10-15 minute intervals. 

The sorption pumps are clean but are one shot , that is, two pumps in parallel and connected by valves alternatively are needed for a continuous pumping. When the first pump is saturated, the second pump is started, while the first is regenerated removing the liquid nitrogen, the trapped gas is expelled through the blow-off valve. The pump (with zeolite) is heated to 200-300°C to remove water vapour. Charcoal pumps are heated to about 100°C. 

Ammonium nitrate slurries can be either prepared in the factory and loaded into cartridges or mixed on site and pumped down the shot-holes. Ammonium nitrate slurries consist of a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium (about 65%) and other nitrates (i.e. methylamine nitrate MAN ). This solution also contains additional amounts of undissolved nitrates together with a fuel. The fuel is generally aluminium powder but water-soluble fuels such as glycol may also be employed. The slurries can be made more sensitive by adding either TNT, PETN,... 

In the experiment, the transmission intensities for the excited and the dark sample are determined by the number of x-ray photons (/t) recorded on the detector behind the sample, and we typically accumulate for several pump-probe shots. In the absence of external noise sources the accuracy of such a measurement is governed by the shot noise distribution, which is given by Poisson statistics of the transmitted pulse intensity. Indeed, we have demonstrated that we can suppress the majority of electronic noise in experiment, which validates this rather idealistic treatment [13,14]. Applying the error propagation formula to eq. (1) then delivers the experimental noise of the measurement, and we can thus calculate the signal-to-noise ratio S/N as a function of the input parameters. Most important is hereby the sample concentration nsam at the chosen sample thickness d. Via the occasionally very different absorption cross sections in the optical (pump) and the x-ray (probe) domains it will determine the fraction of excited state species as a function of laser fluence. 

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