Short-term test carcinogens

Vogel, E., Blijleven, W.G.H., Kortselius, M.J.H. and Zijlstra, J.A. (1981) Mutagenic activity of 17 coded compounds in the sex-linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster, in Progress in Mutation Research, Volume 1 Evaluation of Short-Term Tests Carcinogens (eds F.J. de Serres and J. Ashby), Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Arni P. 1985. Induction of various genetic effects in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research, Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 217-224. 

Progress in mutation research. Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam,... 

Hradec J, Spiegelhalder B, Preussmann R. 1988. The initiator tRNA acceptance assay as a shortterm test for carcinogens. 2. Results with ten compounds selected by the International Programme on Chemical Safety for the evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Carcinogenesis 9 843-846. 

Lave, L.B., and G.S. Omenn, "Cost-Effectiveness of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogenicity," Nature, 324, 29-34 (1986). 

Kada, T. (1981). The DNA damaging activity of 42 coded compounds in the Rec-assay. In Evaluation of Short-term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Collaborative Program (de Serres F. and Ashby J., Eds.). Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 175— 182. 

Kuroki, T. and Matsushima, T. (1987). Performance of short-term tests for detection of human carcinogens. Mutagenesis 2 33-37. 

Amlacher E, Rudolph C. 1981. The thymidine incorporation inhibiting screening system (TSS) to test carcinogenic substances (a nuclear DNA synthesis suppressive short term test). Arch Geschwulstforsch 51 605-610. 

Seiler JP. 1977. Inhibition of testicular DNA synthesis by chemical mutagens and carcinogens. Preliminary results in the validation of a novel short term test. Mutat Res 46 305-310. 

Among the chemicals which have been shown to be mutagens in Salmonella (as well as other short-term tests) that have recently been shown to be carcinogens are 1,2-dichloroethane (10 x 109 Ibs/year, U.S.), tris-dibromopropyl phosphate (the flame retardant used in children s polyester sleepwear), sulfallate (a pesticide), o-phenylene-diamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole (hair dye ingredient), 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine (hair dye ingredient), and 4-amino-2-nitro-phenol (hair dye ingredient). 

In the case of a substance like Tris, or the food additive AF-2, the combination of an extremely widespread human exposure to the chemical and a positive result in a number of short-term tests should have been sufficient evidence to stop its use, considering that alternatives were available. Yet Tris and AF-2 were not removed from the market until the results from animal cancer tests indicated that they were carcinogens. It is becoming apparent that a positive result in many of these short-term test systems is meaningful, and that the systems may not only be a complement to animal cancer testing but may also provide much additional toxicological information as well. We... 

WHO/IPCS has published Summary Reports on the Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens (WHO/IPCS 1985a, WHO/IPCS 1990) and a Guide to Short-Term Tests for Detecting Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Chemicals (WHO/IPCS 1985b). 

WHO/IPCS. 1985a. Summary report on the evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens (collaborative study on in vitro tests). Environmental Health Criteria 47. Geneva WHO. http /www.inchem.org/documents/ ehc/ehc/ehc47. htm... 

Purchase IFH, Longstaff E, Ashby J, et al. 1976. Evaluation of six short term tests for detecting organic chemical carcinogens and recommendations for their use. Nature (London) 264 624-627. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was one of the compounds used in the IPCS evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogenicity (IPCS, 1985). The data from this and other evaluations of the genetic and related effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate have been reviewed (Huber et al., 1996). 

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