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Sheep wool production

Wool is the fibrous covering from sheep (1) and is by far the most important animal fiber used in textiles. World greasy wool production was 2,688,000 tons in 1994—1995, equivalent to 1,557,000 t clean (2) (Table 1). In 1994—1995, 1000.1 x 10 sheep produced 2, 688 x 10 t of greasy wool. The average clip of 2.69 kg/sheep produces 1.56 kg/sheep of clean wool (Tables 1 and 2). [Pg.338]

Table 2. Wool Production and Numbers of Sheep in Principal Wool-Producing Countries, 1994-1995 ... Table 2. Wool Production and Numbers of Sheep in Principal Wool-Producing Countries, 1994-1995 ...
Wool belongs to a family of proteins, the keratins, that also includes hair and other types of animal protective tissues such as horn, nails, feathers, and the outer skin layers. The relative importance of wool as a textile fiber has declined over the decades as synthetic fibers have increa singly been used in textile consumption. Wool is still an important fiber in the middle and upper price ranges of the textile market. It is also an extremely important export for several nations, notably AustraUa, New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina and commands a price premium over most other fibers because of its outstanding natural properties of soft handle (the feel of the fabric), moisture absorption abiUties (and hence comfort), and superior drape (the way the fabric hangs) (see Fibers Textiles). Table 2 shows wool production and sheep numbers in the world s principal wool-producing countries. [Pg.338]

In the early 1930 s, when the prime research aim was the commercial synthesis of the sex hormones (whose structures had just been elucidated), the principal raw material available was cholesterol extracted from the spinal cord or brain of cattle or from sheep wool grease. This sterol (as its 3-acetate 5,6-dibromide) was subjected to a rather drastic chromic acid oxidation, which produced a variety of acidic, ketonic and hydroxylated products derived mainly by attack on the alkyl side-chain. The principal ketonic material, 3j -hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one, was obtained in yields of only about 7% another useful ketone, 3 -hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (pregnenolone) was obtained in much lower yield. The chief acidic product was 3j -hydroxy-androst-5-ene-17j -carboxylic acid. All three of these materials were then further converted by various chemical transformations into steroid hormones and synthetic analogs ... [Pg.127]

Co deficit Everywhere Low content of Co in Podsoluvisols, Podzols, Arenosols and Histosols. The average Co content in plant species is < 5 ppb The decrease of Co content in tissues decrease of vitamin BJ2 in liver (tr.—130 ppm), in tissue (tr.—0.05 ppm), in milk (tr.—3 ppm). Synthesis of vitamin Bi2 and protein is weakened. Cobalt-deficiency and Bj2 vitamin-deficiency. The number of animal diseases is decreasing in raw sheep —cattle — pigs and horses. Low meat and wool productivity and reproduction... [Pg.40]

Sometimes natural fine chemicals are by-products in bulk products refining. Examples are (a) lecithin and steroids in vegetable oil refining (b) betaine, pectin and raffinose in sugar manufacture (c) quinic acid in quinine extraction of the bark of Cinchona trees (d) chitin and the red pigment asthaxanthin in lobster and shrimp processing and (e) lanolin, lanosterol and cholesterol in sheep wool purification. [Pg.103]

Sheep fed fluoride 10 ppm in water over 7 years demonstrated decreased wool production. Flourosis, painful stiff gait, lameness, decreased milk production, and dental changes developed in cattle fed 40 ppm fluoride in their diet over 6 months to 1 year. [Pg.1153]

William McMurtrie s Report upon an Examination of Wools and Other Animal Fibers published in 1886 by the Government Printing Office is still quoted (113). This comprehensive report is based on a scientific examination of the fineness, strength, elasticity, and felting properties of the wool of various breeds of sheep exhibited in 1880 at the International Exhibition of Sheep, Wool, and Wool Products in Philadelphia. [Pg.176]

Increase the cysteine and methionine amino acids (high sulfur protein) in alfalfa. This is being attempted by Australian scientists by inserting pea genes (p-albumin-1) into alfalfa, anticipating enhanced wool production in sheep... [Pg.8]

Alpha keratin is found in sheep wool. The springy nature of wool is based on its composition of alpha helices that are coiled around and cross-linked to each other through cystine residues. Chemical reduction of the cystine in keratin to form cysteines breaks the cross-links. Subsequent oxidation of the cysteines allows new cross-links to form. This simple chemical reaction sequence is used in beauty shops and home permanent products to restructure the curl of human hair—the reducing agent accounts for the characteristic odor of these products. Beta keratin is found in bird feathers and human fingernails. The more brittle, flat structure of these body parts is determined by beta keratin being composed of beta sheets almost exclusively. [Pg.77]

A major methodological complexity associated with the farm stage is the need to account for all contributing factors associated with the sheep population required for wool production. This sheep population refers to all animal classes linked to production of the wool. Thus, for sheep it includes the breeding ewes and rams as well as aU... [Pg.225]

Coimtry/region Wool production (greasy) 10 kg % No. of sheep, (10 )... [Pg.9289]

Both the wool production and the wool textile-manufacturing industries offer great scope for the application of near-infrared (NIR) techniques. The demand for raw (unprocessed) fiber testing is considerable for commerce as well as to assist sheep-breeding programs. Applications as a quality control tool during textile manufacture would bring the benefits already obvious in those industries where NIR is now commonplace. [Pg.465]

Wool lwiil n [ME wolle, fr. OE wull akin to OHGr wolla wool, L vellus fleece, lana wood] (before 12c) The term is usually used for the fleece of sheep. More precisely defined as The fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and may include the so called specialty fibers from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna) which has never been reclaimed finm any woven or felted wool product. Wool is used in a variety of blends in which it is combined with nearly all natural or manulactured libers. (Schoeser, M., World Textiles A Concise History, Thames and Hudson, 2003 Elsevier s Textile Dictionary, Vincenti, R., ed., Elsevier Science and Technology Books, New York, 1994)... [Pg.814]

Biswas, W.K., Graham, J., Kelly, K., John, M.B., 2010. Global wanning contributions from wheat, sheep meat and wool production in Victoria, Australia — a hfe cycle assessment. Journal of Qeaner Production 18, 1386—1392. [Pg.57]


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