Shape modification

It is also clear from Eq. (2.5.1) that the linewidth of the observed NMR resonance, limited by 1/T2, is significantly broadened at high flow rates. The NMR line not only broadens as the flow rate increases, but its intrinsic shape also changes. Whereas for stopped-flow the line shape is ideally a pure Lorentzian, as the flow rate increases the line shape is best described by a Voigt function, defined as the convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions. Quantitative NMR measurements under flow conditions must take into account these line shape modifications. 

A primarily platelet-shaped -modification may also be obtained by the phtha-lonitrile process if particularly pure phthalonitrile is employed [18]. 

The difference in the shape modification characteristics owing to the particle diameter was not recognized, as is the case with copper particles. 

The unevenness coefficient of particle surface decreased with larger shape index and had a critical value. Therefore, the particle shape modification process was considered in such a way that the submicro uneven particle surface was smoothed at first and, in consequence, the macro shape was processed to be spherical. 

A simple pulse-shaping modification can be added to the Bessel-Thompson delay filter by using an additional operational amplifier. Resistors are used to divide down the supply voltage to half the output voltage of the delay filter, and its response is then compared with the delay filter s response, which results in a time-delayed square wave. The schematic of this circuit is shown in Fig. 3.31. This simulation also allows us to compare the operational amplifier models that came with each software package. The response of this circuit is driven from rail to rail, providing the saturation voltages of the models. Also, the slew rate of the output should be consistent with the measured and... 

The medium may have a marked effect on the shape of receptor molecules itself. Shape modifications could strongly influence their substrate binding properties, for instance in the case of amphiphilic cyclophane receptors subjected to hydrophobic-hydrophilic factors in aqueous solution. Such medium effects in action are visualized by the solid state structures of two different forms of the water-soluble hexasodium salt of the macrobicyclic cyclophane 66, which could be crystallized in two very different shapes an inflated cage structure 71 building up cylinders disposed in a hexagonal array and a flattened structure 72 stacked in molecular layers separated by aqueous layers in a lamellar arrangement [4.73]. These two... 

Both the pulsed and cw lasers were used for photodissociation of gaseous ions produced by laser desorption. The cw laser had a maximum output power of 50 watts at 10.61 micrometers and a beam diameter of 6 mm. The pulsed laser produced 2.6 joules in a pulse of 1 microsecond duration at 10.61 micrometers and had a 2 x 3 cm rectangular beam shape. Modifications of the FTICR vacuum chamber that facilitate ion irradiation have been reported previously (13). 

Fig. 4 A few examples of machine-like compounds, able to undergo drastic geometrical changes under the action of an external signal. In some cases, this shape modification induces new properties and is followed by a subsequent reaction.

Some authors found that weak ELF can increase the amplitude of oscillation of NADPH concentration in resting PMNs. This increase directly paralleled cell activation and shape modifications. On the basis of these findings, we could hypothesize that the increased ROS production of resting PMNs from locomotive conductors could be of metabolic origin. 

Chromophore-containing dendritic structures have emerged as an alternative solution to achieve spherical shape modification of chromophores [108], In spite of any conventional EO polymer, the void-containing structure of dendrimers provides the site isolation needed for chromophores to independently reorient under the external poling field [109]. Moreover, these dendritic materials possess a mono-disperse and well-defined globular geometry. Their structure is synthetically controllable in size and shape, allowing wide control over solubility, processability, viscosity, and stability. 

Adsorbent Panicle Shape Modification," paper presented at the International Conference on Fundamentals of Adsorption, Klais, West Germany, May 6-11, 1983. 

The interpretation of the fluoreseenee data from some solution systems have not always agreed with that from other teehniques. Thermodynamic, X-ray and neutron diffraction, and absorption spectroscopic data support a dominant outer-sphere complexation by the Cl, NO3 and SCN ions at concentrations below IM (Choppin 1971, Habenschuss and Spedding 1980, Narten and Hahn 1982, Choppin and Bertha 1973, Bukietynska and Choppin 1970, Choppin and Ketels 1965). In the luminescenee studies, the inerease in decay lifetimes, the appearance of a new band at ca. 580 nm associated with Dq Fq transition and the band shape modification with increasing concentration of the anion have been interpreted as reflecting an... 

R. D. Klafter and L. Hrebien. An in vivo study of cardiac pacemaker optimization by pulse shape modification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 23(3) 233-239, May 1976. 

There are some geometric models which have been designed for the application in machining or at least for frequent shape modification by geometric differential operation. These approaches have in common a discretization of the geometric object but differ in the number of dimensions which are modeled discrete respectively continuous (Denkena and Tonshoff 2013). 

The bi- and trinuclear bis- and tris-cw-enaminoketonato complexes investigated by Pyzuk et al. also represent an interesting approach in designing new molecular species forming liquid crystals, with a perfect control of the location of active sites within the mesophase, thus allowing for specific interactions to take place. The choice of enaminoketone as template ligands was dictated by their relative ease of synthesis, formation of chemically stable mesomorphic complexes vide supra), and facile shape modification. 

The next question is how to construct the shape model of a part during engineering design sessions. Two basic principles are applied in present engineering practice combination of individual elementary shapes, and modification of an initial shape by form features. The prevailing method is shape modification however, advanced hybrid modeling systems also offer element combination as an auxiliary method. 

According to their function in the description of engineering objects, relationships can be represented between model entities as simple relationships, parameters, references, shape modifications, common shape modifications of several parts, variants, combinations, and structures (Figure 2-19). A simple relationship relates parameters of entities. In the example of Figure 2-19a, dimensions... 

It was recognized that instances of the same shape carry different information on different parts for different products. For that reason, on level one the application information of the shape is described in the form of attributes. This description is called an application feature. The form feature is described on level two as a general-purpose shape aspect. The shape of a part can be defined by different sets of form features from different aspects of the shape. The form feature is defined according to its shape modification... 

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