Shanks Process

Shampoo perfumes, 73 364 Shanks process, for sodium nitrate, 22 845-846... 

Brines of other compositions have been used to extract sodium nitrate from its ores. Many such processes, including the Shanks process practiced in the past to produce sodium nitrate, are now obsolete. 

Figure 9.17 Absorption and fluorescence spectra of rhodamine B in methanol (5 X 10 mol 1 ). The curve marked is for the J 2 absorption (process 8 in Figure 9.18) and that marked 5 for process 1. (Reproduced, with permission, from Dienes, A. and Shank, C. Y, Chapter 4 in Creation and Detection of the Excited State (Ed. W. R. Ware), Vol. 2, p. 154, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1972)...

Since the 1960s the commercial development of continuous countercurrent processes has been almost entirely accompHshed by using a flow scheme that simulates the continuous countercurrent flow of adsorbent and process Hquid without the actual movement of the adsorbent. The idea of a simulated moving bed (SMB) can be traced back to the Shanks system for leaching soda ash (58). 

Trimming and Fleshing. The limed hides not fleshed before curing are usually trimmed and fleshed at this point in the production. The trimming is done by hand to remove any portions of the hide that could interfere with the subsequent machine processes, eg, the shanks, ears, and snout. 

To carry out a spectroscopy, that is the structural and dynamical determination, of elementary processes in real time at a molecular level necessitates the application of laser pulses with durations of tens, or at most hundreds, of femtoseconds to resolve in time the molecular motions. Sub-100 fs laser pulses were realised for the first time from a colliding-pulse mode-locked dye laser in the early 1980s at AT T Bell Laboratories by Shank and coworkers by 1987 these researchers had succeeded in producing record-breaking pulses as short as 6fs by optical pulse compression of the output of mode-locked dye laser. In the decade since 1987 there has only been a slight improvement in the minimum possible pulse width, but there have been truly major developments in the ease of generating and characterising ultrashort laser pulses. 

Bhadra R, DG Wayment, JB Hughes, V Shanks (1999) Confirmation of conjugation processes during TNT metabolism by axenic plant roots. Environ Sci Technol 33 446-452. 

Janecky, D.R. and Shanks, W.C. Ill (1988) Computational modeling of chemical and sulfur isotopic reaction processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems, chimney, massive sulfides, and subjacent alteration zones. Can. Mineral, 26, 805—826. 

Guggenheim A process for extracting sodium nitrate from caliche, a native sodium nitrate found in Chile. The ore is leached at 40°C with water containing controlled concentrations of magnesium and calcium sulfates. Operated on a large scale in Chile. See also Shanks. 

Shanks An obsolete process for extracting sodium nitrate from caliche, a Chilean mineral. The ore was leached with sodium chloride solution at 70°C and the sodium chloride and nitrate were separated by fractional crystallization. See also Guggenheim. 

In field ionization (as an experimental configuration) field ionization (the process) is the major pathway of ion generation. In field desorption from activated emitters, the analyte may also undergo field ionization. Presuming that the molecules are deposited in layers on the shanks of the whiskers or between them, this requires that i) analytes of low polarity are polarized by action of the electric field, ii) become mobile upon heating, and iii) finally reach the locations of ionizing electric... 

The plasticator on an injection-molding machine is a specialized plasticating single-screw extruder. The plasticator has two main differences there is a nonreturn valve on the tip of the screw, and the screw retracts as molten material accumulates between the nonreturn valve and the end of the barrel. Pressure is maintained on the accumulated material by a constant force applied to the shank of the screw via the drive system. This force is typically measured as a pressure applied to the shank and is referred to as the back pressure. During the injection step of the process, the screw is forced forward, the nonreturn valve closes, and the material is injected into the mold. Additional information on the injection-molding process can be obtained elsewhere [Ij. 

The availability of power and torque to the shank of the screw is extremely important to the success of an extrusion process, especially if modifications to the line are planned to increase the rate. That is, the proper level of power must be available at the proper screw speed. Thus, the motor size and speed, belt sheaving if used, and gearbox reduction must be specified to provide enough power to the screw to plasticate and pump the resin at a high rate. 

The pressure at the tip of the screw is controlled by setting the hydraulic back pressure at the shank end of the screw. The pressure at the tip is calculated from the hydraulic back pressure and the process intensification factor as follows ... 

Shanks WC (2001) Stable isotopes in seafloor hydrofhermal sysfems venf fluids, hydrofhermal deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and microbial processes. Rev Miner Geochem 43 469-525 Sharma T, Clayton RN (1965) Measurement of 180/160 ratios of total oxygen of carbonates. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 29 1347-1353... 

Ahmed FP, McLaughlin DP, Stanford SC, Stamford JA (2002) Maudsley reactive and non-reactive (MNRA) rats display hehavioral contrasts on exposure to an open field, the elevated plus maze or the dark-light shuttle hox. Abstract, FENS, Paris, France Ammassari-Teule A, Milhaud JM, Passino E, Restivo L, LassaUe JM (1999) Defective processing of contextual information may he involved in the poor performance of DBA/2 mice in spatial tasks. Behav Genet 29 283-289 Anisman H, Zalcman S, Shanks N, Zacharko RM (1991) Multisystem regulation of performance deficits induced hy stressors an animal model of depression. In Boulton AA, Baker GB, Martin-lverson MT (eds) Animal models in psychiatry, vol 2. Humana Press, Clifton, pp 1-59... 

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