Severity categories

Characteristics are the experimental data necessary for calculating the physical properties of pure components and their mixtures. We shall distinguish several categories ... 

The resulting correlations fall into several categories. Some are essentially empirical in nature. Examples include (63)... 

Specialty Wires. Several categories of specialty wires employ special designs and materials, custom made to fit particular appHcations and/or specifications (5—8) (Eig. 2). 

Sugar analysis by hplc has advanced greatly as a result of the development of columns specifically designed for carbohydrate separation. These columns fall into several categories. (/) Aminopropyl-bonded siHca used in reverse-phase mode with acetonitrile—water as the eluent. (2) Ion-moderated cation-exchange resins using water as the eluent. Efficiency of these columns is enhanced at elevated temperature, ca 80—90°C. Calcium is the usual counterion for carbohydrate analysis, but lead, silver, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium are used to confer specific selectivities for mono-, di-, and... 

Cosmetics for haH care fad. Hito several categories cleansers or shampoos, conditioners, fixatives, coloring products, waving and straightening products, andhaH removers (see Hair preparations). 

The main philosophical question that arises with respect to air quality standards is what to consider an adverse effect or a cost associated with air pollution. Let us examine several categories of receptors to see the judgmental problems that arise. 

The most generally useful topological criteria for the effective disconnection of a network of fused rings fall into several categories. In the examples which follow most rings are arbitrarily chosen as 5- or 6-membered, and the term ring refers to a primary ring. 

Systematic error, as stated above, can be eliminated— not totally, but usually to a sufficient degree. This elimination process is called calibration. Calibration is simply a procedure where the result of measurement recorded by an instrument is compared with the measurement result of a standard. A standard is a measuring device intended to define, to represent physically, to conserve, or to reproduce the unit of measurement in order to transmit it to other measuring instruments by comparison. There are several categories of standards, but, simplifying a little, a standard is an instrument with a very high accuracy and can for that reason be... 

Use this exercise to create a comprehensive, current inventory of the benefits that are unique to your PSM system. The next step is to describe these benefits in terms of the people you want on board. Think about each one in terms of the people whose support you need. These will probably fall into several categories, and it s important to distinguish them from one another, since, as in any sales situation, you must personalize benefits and make them relevant to the customer s interests. 

In the analysis of pumps, IPRDS failure data for 60 selected pumps at four nuclear power plants were statistically analyzed using FRAC. The data cover 23 functionally different pumps, respectively, for two BWRs. Catastrophic, degraded, and incipient failure severity categories were considered for both demand-related and time-dependent failures. 

Uncertainty on tlie other hand, represents lack of knowledge about factors such as adverse effects or contaminant levels which may be reduced with additional study. Generally, risk assessments carry several categories of uncertainly, and each merits consideration. Measurement micertainty refers to tlie usual eiTor tliat accompanies scientific measurements—standard statistical teclmiques can often be used to express measurement micertainty. A substantial aniomit of uncertainty is often inlierent in enviromiiental sampling, and assessments should address tliese micertainties. There are likewise uncertainties associated with tlie use of scientific models, e.g., dose-response models, and models of environmental fate and transport. Evaluation of model uncertainty would consider tlie scientific basis for the model and available empirical validation. 

Thus, tlie focus of tliis subsection is on qualitative/semiquantitative approaches tliat can yield useful information to decision-makers for a limited resource investment. There are several categories of uncertainties associated with site risk assessments. One is tlie initial selection of substances used to characterize exposures and risk on tlie basis of the sampling data and available toxicity information. Oilier sources of uncertainty are inlierent in tlie toxicity values for each substance used to characterize risk. Additional micertainties are inlierent in tlie exposure assessment for individual substances and individual exposures. These uncertainties are usually driven by uncertainty in tlie chemical monitoring data and tlie models used to estimate exposure concentrations in tlie absence of monitoring data, but can also be driven by population intake parameters. As described earlier, additional micertainties are incorporated in tlie risk assessment when exposures to several substances across multiple patliways are suimned. 

Cause-consequence analysis serves to characterize the physical effects resulting from a specific incident and tlie impact of these physical effects on people, tlie environment, and property (causes are discussed tluoughout Cliapter 16). Some consequence models or equations (see Chapter 17) used to estimate the potential for dniiuige or injury fall into several categories. ... 

In terms of energetics, soil water is classified into several categories [134] gravitational (pF < 2), hygroscopic (pF > 4.2-4.5), and capillary (2 < pF < 4.2), where the potential is expressed as pF = lg (n, cm H20). The curves of the water-holding capacity as functions of pF(w) which are the basic hydrophysical characteristic of certain soils determine the relationship between these main kinds of water various types of these curves are available from the literature [135]. 

Optically active compounds may be classified into several categories. 

Perhaps the most characteristic property of the carbon-carbon double bond is its ability readily to undergo addition reactions with a wide range of reagent types. It will be useful to consider addition reactions in terms of several categories (a) electrophilic additions (b) nucleophilic additions (c) radical additions (d) carbene additions (e) Diels-Alder cycloadditions and (f) 1,3-dipolar additions. 

Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) is a powerful tool for the processing mechanism study of silicon surface fabrication. When a particle impacts with a solid surface, what will happen Depending on the interaction between cluster and surface, behaviors of the cluster fall into several categories including implantation [20,21], deposition [22,23], repulsion [24], and emission [25]. Owing to limitations of computer time, the cluster that can be simulated has a diameter of only a few nanometres with a small cohesive energy, which induces the cluster to fragment after collision. 

Chrysosplenium enjoys a distribution that qualifies it for inclusion in several categories in this review. Members are known from northern Enrope, North America, eastern Asia (principally Japan), and extreme southern Sonth America. The similar flavonoid chemistry of the eastern North American-western North American species pair C. americanum and C. glechomaefolium was mentioned earlier, along with comments on apparent flavonoid differences between sections Alternifolia and Oppositifolia. 

Natural products have been noted for their potential health benefits from time immemorial and are the basis of Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical practice (Bushkin and Bushkin, 2002). However, the potential benefits of several natural products reside in one or two active ingredients. For example green tea stands for polyphenols, soy for soy estrogens, broccoli for isothiocyanates and grape seed for polyphenols. The beauty of rice bran is that there are more than 100 antioxidants, several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as IP6, polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals and trace minerals in addition to fat, protein, fiber, polysaccharides and other nutrients. These phytonutrients and antioxidants of rice bran are believed to act at the cellular level, and their synergestic function is responsible for the positive health benefits. 

Field data from a worker exposure and re-entry study can be organized many ways. Field data usually fit into several categories including activities and traits of workers... 

Diagnosis is generally made from the clinical presentation and may be classified into several categories classic condyloma acuminata, which are pointed or cauliform keratotic warts with a thick, horny surface resembling common skin warts and flat warts, frequently observed on the surface. 

As mentioned in the Introduction, a variety of unusual carbohydrate -protein linkages is found in Nature. These may be placed in several categories (i) carbohydrates O-glycosylated to jff-hydroxy amino acids (ii) carbohydrates S-glycosylated to cysteine (Hi) carbohydrates N-gly-cosylated to the N-terminal amino group of the protein or (iv) in some... 

Total peripheral resistance (TPR) is the resistance to blood flow offered by all systemic vessels taken together, especially by the arterioles, which are the primary resistance vessels. Therefore, MAP is regulated by cardiac activity and vascular smooth muscle tone. Any change in CO or TPR causes a change in MAP. The major factors that affect CO, TPR, and therefore MAP, are summarized in Figure 15.3, as well as in Table 15.1. These factors may be organized into several categories and will be discussed as such ... 

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in fact, nearly 25% of adults in the U.S. are considered hypertensive. Hypertension is defined as a consistent elevation in blood pressure such that systolic/diastolic pressures are >140/90 mmHg. Over time, chronic hypertension can cause pathological changes in the vasculature and in the heart. As a result, hypertensive patients are at increased risk for atherosclerosis, aneurysm, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and kidney failure. There are several categories of antihypertensive agents ... 

The various designs that have been generated can be classified into one of several categories. One way to classify experimetal designs is as follows ... 

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