Trigeminal nucleus

Direct attenuation of the excitability of neurons in the trigeminal nuclei, as 5-HTib/ 5-HTid receptors on pain transmission neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and in the upper cervical cord, are activated. Stimulation of these receptors is caused by second-generation triptans that cross the blood-brain barrier such as zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan and eletriptan. 

X3 NM 002559 Dorsal root ganglion, superficial dorsal horn of spinal cord, a subset of small-diameter sensory neurons, nucleus of the solitary tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus (important for peripheral pain)... 

X5 NM 175080 Proprioceptive neurons of mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, sensory ganglia... 

After a single exposure of rabbits to 17 ppm for 6 hours, the sensory trigeminal nucleus was severely affected. Other effects included tubular and focal necrosis in the collecting tubules of the kidney and fatty degeneration of the liver. ... 

Extrasynaptic in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb synaptic and extrasynaptic in spinal trigeminal nucleus and superior olivary nucleus... 

HT3 receptors are located exclusively on neurons and are widely distributed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. In the periphery, 5-HT3 receptors are found on autonomic, sensory, and enteric neurons (Fozard 1984). In the central nervous system, 5-HT3 receptors are labeled in cortex, hippocampus, caudate hypothalamus, brain stem, midbrain, and cerebellum, with the highest density in discrete nuclei of the lower brain stem (e.g., dorsal vagal complex and spinal trigeminal nucleus), the area postrema, and substantia gelatinosa at all levels of the spinal cord (Palacios et al. 1991 Waeber et al. 1989). 

Nitric oxide inhibition has an analgesic effect in patients with chronic tension-type headache, probably due to a reduction in central sensitization at the level of the spinal dorsal horn, trigeminal nucleus or both (Ashina, 2002). 

Copray JCVM, Liem RSB, Ter Horst GJ, van Willigen JD (1990) Dopaminergic afferents to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry study. Brain Res 574 343-348. 

C. S. Effect of baclofen enantiomorphs on the spinal trigeminal nucleus and steric similarites of carbamazepine. Pharmacology 1983, 27, 85-94. 

Fromm GH, Terrence CF, Chattha AS, Glass JD. Baclofen in trigeminal neuralgia its effect on the spinal trigeminal nucleus a pilot study. Arch Neurol 1980 37(12) 768-71. 

Refer to Tracey and Waite (1995) and Waite and Tracey (1995) for a general description of the somatosensory system. The general basis of delineation of these structures is described in Paxinos and Watson (1996). However, we followed Marfurt and Rajchert (1991) for the borders of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. 

Pr5VL principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, ventrolateral part 55-61, 85, 92-97... 

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