Textile sensors

Data processing is one of the item components that needs attention only when active processing is necessary. Textile sensors could provide a huge amount of data, but many practical problems need to be overcome before real computing fibres will be on the market19,78. The problems include ... 

A. Dhawan and J. F. Muth, Optical nano-textile sensors based on the incorporation of semiconducting and metalhc nanoparticles into optical fibers. Proceedings of the MRS Conference, Spring 2006. 

Catrysse, M., Puers, R., Hertleer, C., Van Langenhove, L, van Egmond, H., and Matthys, D. (2004) Towards the integration of textile sensors in a wireless monitoring suit. Sens. 

Textile sensors can be employed to detect the position and/or movement of a person lying on a mattress or similar textile structure. The measured values can be mechanical pressure or deformation of the textile. In general tactile sensors can be applied for both physical values. 

A114Rest is a European-funded project focussing on improving tactile and thermal comfort in rest systems to promote a deeper, more restorative sleep. In the project s framework textile sensors embedded in a mattress were developed to monitor sleeping quality by measuring body movement and room temperature. This section summarises the results on the sensor systems (A114Rest, 2011). 

Coyle, S., Mitchell, E., May, G., O Connor, N.E., Diamond, D., 2010b. Textile sensors for personahsed feedback. In Proceedings of the ECIR 2010 Workshop on Information Access for Personal Media Archives, Milton Keynes, UK. 

Sensoria Heapsylon EEC Socks Bra, compression shirt Step counting, speed, calories, altitude and distance tracking, cadence, foot landing technique and weight distribution Heart rate Electronic device magnetically snaps at sock cuff textile sensors integrated in socks electrically conductive materials (Heapsylon, 2014) Electronic device snaps onto garment at chest electrodes need to be moistened before use electrically conductive materials (Heapsylon EEC, 2014)... 

Silva, M., Catarino, A., Carvalho, H., Rocha, A., Monteiro, J., Montagna, G., 2009b. Textile sensors for ECG and respiratory frequency on swimsuits. In Proceedings of TTMC 2009, 12-14th November, Casablanca, Morocco. 

Zi ba, J., Frydrysiak, M., 2006. Textronics - electrical and electronic textiles. Sensors for breathing frequency measurement. Fibres Text. East. Eur. 14 (5), 43-48. 

Nilsson E, Lund A, Jonasson C, Johansson C, Hagstrom B. Poling and characterization of piezoelectric polymer fibers for use in textile sensors. Sensor Actual A- Phys 2013 201 477-86. 

CONDUCTIVE THREAD MATERIALS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TEXTILE SENSORS AND ACTUATORS... 

The development of special conductive thread materials for the creation of textile sensor areas and bus-structures are the main topics of the TTTV Greiz in the CONTEXT project. The realisation occurs by the creation of different woven multi-Iayw-structures. So it is for example possible to create textile cqtacitors, winch can be as a sensor area or insulated textile bus-structures. 

At that time first prototypes for a vest, textile wiring and first steps for textile sensor constructing are existing (Fig. 3). 

This chapter has three main sections. The first section gives an overview of the current state of the art on textile electrodes and their working principles. Section 2.3 summarizes the advances in textile sensors. Finally, the third section concentrates on textile-based actuators for medical applications, including textiles used for heating, electroflierapy and artificial muscles. 

To improve the comfort and wearability of sensors much research effort is put in the development of textile-based sensors by carefully selecting appropriate materials and designing suitable textile structures. The textile sensors are modelled, washed and tested over a long-term period to guarantee their suitability. 

MattmaDD, C., Clemens, F., Tioster, G., 2008. Sensor for measuring strain in textile. Sensors 8, 3719-3732. 

Pulse oximetry can be integrated into wearable sfructure with woven or embroidered POF textile structures such as a glove or patch for a LED/photodiode sensor together with microcontroller connection. The blood oxygen saturafion (Sa02) data can be interfaced to the WBSN and transferred to the data sink in medical offices for further interpretation and timely intervention. Textile biosensors considered above for WBSN based on E-Tex are summarized in Table 9.2. These textile sensors are flexible and provide good connectivity for integration of E-Tex and body sensor networks. 

Huang, C.-T., Tang, C.-F., Lee, M.-C., Chang, S.-H., 2008b. Parametric design of yam-based piezoresistive sensors for smart textiles. Sensors and Actuators A (148), 10—15. 

Most textile sensors are based on the use of conductive materials. Indeed, the electrical resistance is dependent on other factors (Castano and Flatau, 2014) such as mechanical strain, temperature or humidity. When a mechanical strain is applied on conductive elements, the resulting change in electrical resistance is called piezoresistivity (Carmona et al., 1987) and can be estimated by deriving Ohm s law ... 

Vermeersch, O.G., Begriche, A., Decaens, J., Mlynarek, J., 2013. Wearable technologies for PPE power and data transmission, environment monitoring, temperature, alarms, embedded textile sensors, end-life indicators. In 3rd International Conference of Engineering Against Failure (ICEAF III). 

As humans we prefer to wear comfortable textiles rather than hard, rigid boxes, and in order to add advanced functions first efforts have been made to use the textiles themselves as a substrate for electronic functions (Post et al., 2000). Hence, the electronic circuit plays an important role in the development of textile electronic functionalization. The electronic components and their interconnections are preferred to be intrinsic or less visible to the fabric. As a result, the textile electronic circuit can be considered as the platform for the application of textile sensors and actuators. 

Coosemaus, J., Hermaus, B., Puets, R., 2006. lutegratiug wireless ECG mouitoriug iu textiles. Sensors and Actuators A Physical 130—131, 48—53. 

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