Secretion seminal plasma

Ketohexoses (l-50mM) have been determined by measurement of the stable chromogens obtained when they react with urea and perchloric acid. This method is highly specific for ketohexoses and such carbonyl compounds as pyruvic acid do not interfere. The levels of D-fructose in vesicular secretions, seminal plasma, and blood plasma have been measured by means of a fluorometric method that uses zirconyl chloride. ... 

In 1963, using immunoelectrophoresis, Biserte et al. [49] demonstrated that lactotransferrin was present in bronchial secretions. This result was confirmed in 1965 by Masson et al. [37] who, in addition, localized the lactotransferrin in human bronchial glands by immuno-histochemistry. Lactotransferrin has been identified, mainly due to the work of Masson, in most mucous secretions, i.e., bronchial and intestinal mucus and in various biological fluids such as saliva, tears, synovial fluid, seminal plasma, pancreatic juice, bile and, in very small amount, in blood plasma. In milk and mucous secretions, lactotransferrin is associated with secretory IgA (sIgA) and lysozyme and we now know that this association represents a powerful system of defence of mucosae (see section 2.3.2.1.2). 

Metronidazole is supplied for oral, intravenous, intravaginal, and topical administration. It usually is absorbed completely after oral intake. A linear relationship between dose and plasma concentration pertains for doses of 200-2000 mg. Repeated doses every 6-8 hours result in some drug accumulation. The t of metronidazole in plasma is -8 hours, and its volume of distribution is approximately that of total-body water. Less than 20% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins. With the exception of the placenta, metronidazole penetrates well into body tissues and fluids, including vaginal secretions, seminal fluid, saliva, and breast milk. Therapeutic concentrations also are achieved in CSF. 

Sperm are sequentially exposed to seminal plasma, oviductal fluid, follicular fluid, and secretions of granulosa cell eggs as they move from the vagina to the site of fertilization in the oviductal... 

The secretions of the seminal vesicles vary greatly between species in their normal volumes and chemical compositions, and in the extent to which they contribute to the total seminal plasma. In comparison with prostatic secretions, vesicular fluids tend to be more alkaline, higher in dry weight, and richer in bicarbonate, potassium, acid-soluble phosphate compounds, and especially proteins and polypeptides. In several species seminal vesicle secretions contain well over 200 mg/ml of total protein which in good measure accounts for the high viscosity and stickiness of these fluids. 

The literature contains accounts of two highly basic proteins (isoelectric points 8.8 and 9.4), a powerful hemagglutinating protein, and lactoferrin in boar seminal vesicle (210-213), and of various bulk proteins (including fractions that resemble calmodulin in binding calcium tenaciously) in bull seminal plasma (214). Proteins of seminal plasmas of other mammalian species that probably originate from vesicular secretions are reviewed by Mann (4) and Mann and Lutwak-Mann (5). 

Seminal vesicle secretions from many species are known to harbor a large number of enzymes, many of which may simply originate from the cytoplasm of the secretory epithelial cells and play no functional roles in seminal plasma. Comprehensive accounts of the enzyme muster of vesicular secretions are provided in several treatises (1, 4, 5, 215). Only vesicular secretion enzymes that are of potential regulatory significance will be considered here. It is noteworthy that many highly active enzymes in seminal plasma originate from the epididymis and(or) the prostate gland (4, 5). 

Sorbitol is secreted by boar seminal vesicle which produces rather little fructose and exhibits considerable aldose reductase but feeble sorbitol dehydrogenase activity (257). Considerable amounts of glucose and sorbitol (but not fructose) are present in seminal plasma of the stallion and jackass in which species these seminal sugars probably originate from the vesicular glands (5, 270). 

Is the inositol present abundantly in vesicular fluids and seminal plasmas of certain species of any functional value Perhaps, as Mann (4) suggests, the enormous amount of inositol present in boar vesicular secretion may be concerned with maintenance of the osmotic equilibrium of the seminal plasma in this species, since boar seminal vesicle fluid (unlike other pig body fluids) is almost devoid of sodium chloride, although it is quite rich in potassium. There are claims testicular (287) and ejaculated (293) spermatozoa can metabolize inositol to unidentified substances although one report (294) denies that ejaculated spermatozoa can oxidize this cyclitol. In any event there is no convincing evidence that seminal inositol is a major metabolic fuel or otherwise beneficial for spermatozoa. 

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