Self-assembled peptide-amphiphile

Anderson JM, Andukuri A, Lim DJ et al (2009) Modulating the gelation properties of self-assembling peptide amphiphiles. ACS Nano 3 3447-3454... 

Beniash E, Hartgerink JD, Storrie H et al (2005) Self-assembling peptide amphiphile nanofiber matrices for cell entrapment. Acta Biomater 1 387-397... 

Bull SR, Guler MO, Bras RE, Meade TJ, Stupp SI. Self-assembled peptide amphiphile nanofibers conjugated to MRI contrast agents. Nano Lett 2005 5 1-4. 

Hsu, L., and Stupp, S.I. Self-Assembling Peptide Amphiphiles, 2007-US84223 2008067145 (2008). 

Stupp, S.I., Dormers, J.J.J.M., Silva, G.A., and Behanna, H.A. Anthony, S.G. Self-Assembling Peptide Amphiphiles and Related Methods for Growth Factor Delivery, 2004-US40550 2005056039 (2005b). 

Stupp, S.I., Hartgerink, J.D., and Niece, K.L. Self-Assembling Peptide-Amphiphiles and Self-Assembled Peptide Nanofiber Networks for Tissue Engineering, 2003-US29581 2004106359 (2004). 

Stupp, S.I., and Kessler, J.A. Self-Assembling Peptide Amphiphiles Generating Nanofiber Scaffolds for Encapsulation, Growth and Differentiation of Neurons for Therapeutic Uses, 2006-US2354 2006079036 (2006). 

Kim J, Anderson J, Jun H et al (2009) Self-assembling peptide amphiphile-based nanofiber gel for bioresponsive cisplatin delivery. Mol Pharm 6 978-985... 

Anderson, J.M., Kushwaha, M., Tambralli, A., Beilis, S.L., Camata, R.P., Jun, H.W. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells directed by extracellular matrix-mimicking ligands in a biomimetic self-assembled peptide amphiphile nanomatrix. Biomacromolecules 10, 2935-2944 (2009)... 

Figure 4.2 Self-assembling peptide amphiphiles (PA) used for biomimetic mineralization of HA/PA nanocomposite, (a) Chemical structure of the PA, comprising 5 regions (1) a hydrophobic alkyl tail (2) four cysteine residues that can form disulfide bonds to polymerize the self-assembled structure (3) a flexible linker region of three glycine residues (4) a single phosphorylated serine residue that was able to interact strongly with calcium ions and help direct mineralization of HA (5) the cell adhesion ligand ROD. (b) Molecular model of one single PA molecule, (c) Schematic showing the self-assembly of PA molecules into a cylindrical micelle.

Hosseinkhani H, Hosseinkhani M, Tian F, Kobayashi H, Tabata Y. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in self-assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofibers. Biomaterials 2006 27 4079-86. 

Figure 6.2 Examples of static self-assembly, (a) Crystal structure of a ribosome, (b) Self-assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofibers, (c) An array of millimeter-sized polymeric plates assembled at a water/perfluorodecalin interface by capillary interactions, (d) Thin film of a nematic liquid crystal on an isotropic substrate, (e) Micrometer-sized metallic polyhedral folded from planar substrates, (f) A 3-D aggregate of micrometer plates assembled by capillary forces.

Figure 73 Representative 3-D nanostructured scaffolds for bone-specific drug delivery systems, (a) Electrospun sitk scaffold with BMP-2 loaded, scale bar=5 pm (reprinted from Ref. [86] with permission) (b) Self-assembled peptide-amphiphile (PA) nanofibers network, scale bar= 1 mi (reprinted from Ref. [87] with permission) (c) Nanocrystalline apatite modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) microsphere scaffolds, scale bar=2pm (reprinted from Ref. [88] with permission) and (d) poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres, scale bar=2 pm (reprinted from Ref. [89] with permission).

Recently, Stupp and coworkers designed self-assembling peptide-amphiphile molecules, which form one-dimensional cylinders in aqueous solution having diameter of approximately 7 nm and micron scale lengths [7]. 

Hosseinkhani, H., M. Hosseinkhani, F. Tian, H. Kobayashi, and Y. Tabata. 2007. Bone r enera-tion on a coUagen sponge self-assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofiber hybrid scaffold. Tissue Eng 13 11-19. 

GaUer KM. et al. 2008. Self-assembling peptide amphiphile nanofibers as a scaffold for dental stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 14(12) 2051-2058. 

TambraUi, A., Blakeney, B., Anderson, J., et al. A hybrid biomimetic scaffold composed of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers and self-assembled peptide amphiphile ntmofibers. Biofabiication 1, 025001 (2009). doi 10.1088/1758-5082/l/2/025001... 

Figure 3.5 Schematics of the molecular structure (a) and of the resulting fibrous nanostructure (b) of a self-assembling peptide-amphiphile. In molecular graphics different atoms (C, H, O and N) are represented with different colors (black, white, red and blue), (c) TEM micrograph of nanofibers, and photograph of the macroscopic nanofiber sample. Adapted with permission from Ref. 72, Adv. Mater., 2005,17, 2612-2617. Doi 10.1002/ adma.200500855. Copyright 2005, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA.

As mentioned above, tumor-associated MMPs have been an interesting enzyme species for designing triggered and responsive nanocarrier systems. A bio-responsive cisplatin (CDDP] delivery system with a self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA] constituting a cell-adhesive matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2]-sensitive... 

Fig. 20 Chemical structure of self-assembling peptide-amphiphile (PA) with bioactive sequence (designed by Stupp et al.)...

Bulut, S., Erkal, T.S., Toksoz, S., Tekinay, A.B., Tekinay, T., Guler, M.O., 2011. Slow release and delivery of antisense oUgonncleotide dmg by self-assembled peptide amphiphile nano-fibers. Biomacromolecules 12, 3007-3014. 

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