Biomimetic hybrids

Mark JE, Calvert PD. Biomimetic, hybrid, and in-situ composites. J Mater Sci Fto C... 

Park, C. H., Rios, H. E, Jin, Q. et al. 2010b. Biomimetic hybrid scaffolds for engineering human tooth-ligament interfaces. Biomaterials 31 5945-52. 

Combining peptide sequences and synthetic polymers is useful not only for enhanced control over nanoscale structure formation, but also for production of biologically interactive materials. Biomimetic hybrid polymers may also produce sophisticated superstructures with new material properties. Smart materials based on polypeptides may reversibly change conformation and associated properties in response to an environmental stimulus, such as a shift in pH or temperature (Rodriguez-Hernandez et ah, 2005). Polypeptide block copolymers may also be used as model systems to study generic self-assembly processes in natural proteins. Obviously, such materials could be of significant interest for a variety of biomedical and bioanalytical applications. 

Zhang, Y., Wu, H Li,)., U, L, )iang, Y Jiang, Y. and Jiang, Z. (2008) Protamine-templated biomimetic hybrid capsules efficient and stable carrier for enzyme encapsulation. Chemistry of Materials, 20, 1041-8. 

Altunbas A, Sharma N, Lamm MS et al (2010) Peptide-silica hybrid networks biomimetic control of network mechanical behavior. ACS Nano 4 181-188... 

Metalloporphyrinosilicas as a new class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials were prepared by polymerization of 3- er -butyl-5-vinylsalicylaldehyde with styrene and divinylbenzene and used as selective biomimetic oxidation catalyst.27 Synthesis and structural characterization of rare-earth bisfdimethyl-silyl)amides and their surface organometallic chemistry on mesoporous silicate MCM-41 have been reported.28... 

Several current efforts are focusing on the portability of enzymatic heterocyclization. For example, novel chiral heterocyclic carboxylic acids were produced by using hybrid enzymes [62] (Figure 13.21). Stimulated by biosynthesis pathways, biomimetic heterocyclization methods have also been developed with high efficiency [63]. 

However, it has to be realized that biological templates remain inserted in the final nanoparticles and this is not acceptable for many applications. Nevertheless, some recent examples indicate that such biomimetic materials may be suitable for the design of biotechnological and medical devices [32]. For instance, it was shown that silica gels formed in the presence of p-R5 were excellent host matrices for enzyme encapsulation [33]. In parallel, biopolymer/silica hybrid macro-, micro- and nanocapsules were recently obtained via biomimetic routes and these exhibit promising properties for the design of drug delivery materials (see Section 3.1.1) [34,35],... 

Biomimetic Materials for Bone Repair. The Hybrid Approach... 

Poly(oxyethylene)-Si02 ormosils have been prepared as an approach to the preparation of biologically active polymer-apatite composites. For this purpose, Yamamoto et al. [72] obtained these Class II hybrids from triethoxysilyl-terminated poly(oxyethylene) (PEG) and TEOS by using the in situ sol-gel process. After being subjected to the biomimetic process to form the bone-like apatite layer, it was found that a dense apatite layer could be prepared on the hybrid materials, indicating that the silanol groups provide effective sites for CHA nucleation and growth. 

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