Self assembled monolayers synthesis

Chabrier, 1., M.J. Cook, D.A. Russell (1995). Synthesis and characterization of func-tionabsed phthalocyanine compounds for fabrication of self-assembled monolayers. Synthesis 1283—1284. 

Gold electrodes coated by nanostructured self-assembled monolayer of TMPP and Cl2 are used as template for in situ synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (Figure 2). 

The first report of surface-immobilized dendrimers was in 1994 [54]. Subsequently, our research group showed that the amine-terminated PAMAM and PPl dendrimers could be attached to an activated mercaptoimdecanoic acid (MUA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) via covalent amide linkages [55, 56]. Others developed alternative surface immobilization strategies involving metal com-plexation [10] and electrostatic binding [57]. These surface-confined dendrimer monolayers and multilayers have found use as chemical sensors, stationary phases in chromatography, and catalytic interfaces [41,56,58,59]. Additional applications for surface-confined dendrimers are inevitable, and are dependent only on the synthesis of new materials and the development of clever, new immobilization strategies. 

Prucker O, Ruhe J (1998) Synthesis of poly(styrene) monolayers attached to high surface area silica gels through self-assembled monolayers of azo initiators. Macromolecules 31 592-601... 

Finally, Sarkar et al. reported on the synthesis of Au nanoparticles carrying self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with various functional groups including ferrocene and Fischer carbenes (Scheme 4) [35]. 

Scheme 4 Synthesis of An nanoparticles bearing functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)...

The first surface-initiated enzymatic polymerization reported was the synthesis of amylose brushes on planar and spherical surfaces [145]. For this, silica or silicone surfaces were modified with self-assembled monolayers of (3 amino-propyl)trimethoxysilane or chlorodimethylsilane, respectively. To these functionalities, oligosaccharides were added via (a) reductive amidation of the oligosaccharides to surface-bound amines, (b) conversion of the oiigosaccharide to the according aldonic acid lactone and reaction with surface bound amines, and (c) incorporation... 

Some miscellaneous examples of QD synthesis using surfactant systems are described below. A layer-by-layer [206] structure of dithiol self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and CdS mono- and multilayer nanoparticles were fabricated on a gold substrate covered with alkanedithiol. SAMs were formed by an alternate immersion of the substrate into ethanolic solutions of dithiol, and dispersion of CdS nanoparticles (ca. 3nm in diameter), the latter of which was prepared in A0T/H20/heptane w/o microemulsions. 

Fig. 1 An ideal self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiolates supported on a gold surface. The terminal groups are amenable to synthesis, providing a means to immobilize and present ligands from the surface the alkyl chain spacer promotes tight, regular packing, and the gold-sulfur interface stabilizes surface atoms and alkane chains during packing...

Although the above discussion is centered on the synthesis of polymeric osmium and ruthenium complexes, the methods employed are also very successful in the preparation of mononuclear complexes. In this context, the preparation of ruthenium or osmium complexes which are suitable for the formation of self-assembled monolayers (see Section 4.3 above) can be prepared by using the same approach. Starting from the precursor [M(bpy)2Cl2], one chloride atom can be replaced to yield complexes of the type [M(bpy)2Cl L]+, where L is the surface active ligand. In the presence of water, species of the type [M(bpy)2(L)2]2+ are obtained. 

Khene S, Geraldo DA, Togo CA, Limson J, Nyokong T (2008) Synthesis, electrochemical characterization of tetra- and octa-substituted dodecyl-mercapto tin phthalocyanines in solution and as self-assembled monolayers. Electrochim Acta 54 183-191... 

Huang X, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou S, Zhu D (2002) Synthesis and self-assembly of 2,9,16-Tri(tert-butyl)-23-(10-mercaptodecyloxy)phthalocyanine and the application of its self-assembled monolayers in organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Eur J 8(18) 4179-4184... 

M. Agarwal, M. R. De Guire, and A. H. Heuer, Synthesis of Zr02 and Y203-doped Zr02 thin films using self-assembled monolayers, J. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 80, 2967-2981 (1997). 

The synthesis, characterization and properties of nanomaterials have become very active areas of research in the last few years. In particular, nanostructured materials assembled by means of supramolecular organization offer many exciting possibilities. These include self-assembled monolayers and multilayers with different functionalities, intercalation in preassembled layered hosts and inorganic three-dimensional networks. The reader is referred to the special issue of Chemistry of Materials91 for an overview of present day interests. There are many recent reviews on the varied aspects of nanomaterials. The work of Alivisatos92 on the structural transitions, elec-... 

Second rare-earth series, 75 Self-assembled monolayer (SAM), 110 Self-hydrolysis process, 419 Self-propagating high temperature synthesis, 391... 

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