Seeds properties

Koskinen, W.C., Leffler, H.R., Oliver, J.E., Kearney, P.C., and McWhorter, C.G. Effect oftrifluralin soil metabolites on cotton boll components and fiber and seed properties, J. Agric. Food Chem., 33(5) 958-961, 1985. 

Kumar, C.S. Bhattacharya, S. Tamarind Seed Properties, Processing and Utilization. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2008, 48, 1-20. 

Features Temp, resist. exc. thixotropy and reduced seeding Properties Bulk dens. 2.7 VOC nil 100% act., 99.8% solids Use Level 0.2-2.0% on total wt. 

The seeding properties of the system asymptotically close to the critical point eire expressed by the homogeneous Callan-Symanzik equation [4,80] for the renormahzed vertex function ... 

In addition to tire standard model systems described above, more exotic particles have been prepared witli certain unusual properties, of which we will mention a few. For instance, using seeded growtli teclmiques, particles have been developed witli a silica shell which surrounds a core of a different composition, such as particles witli magnetic [12], fluorescent [13] or gold cores [14]. Anotlier example is tliat of spheres of polytetrafluoroetliylene (PTFE), which are optically anisotropic because tire core is crystalline [15]. 

Enantiomers can have striking differences however m properties that depend on the arrangement of atoms m space Take for example the enantiomeric forms of carvone (R) (—) Carvone is the principal component of spearmint oil Its enantiomer (5) (+) carvone is the principal component of caraway seed oil The two enantiomers do not smell the same each has its own characteristic odor... 

Castor oil (qv) contains a predominance of ricinoleic acid which has an unusual stmcture inasmuch as a double bond is present in the 9 position while a hydroxyl group occurs in the 12 position. The biochemical origin of ricinoleic acid [141-22-0] in the castor seed arises from enzymatic hydroxylation of oleoyl-CoA in the presence of molecular oxygen. The unusual stmcture of ricinoleic acid affects the solubiUty and physical properties of castor oil. 

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein. To modify functional properties, vegetable proteins such as those derived from soybean and other oil seeds can be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes to yield hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVP). Hydrolysis of peptide bonds by acids or proteolytic enzymes yields lower molecular weight products useful as food flavorings. However, the protein functionaHties of these hydrolysates may be reduced over those of untreated protein. 

Deamidation of soy and other seed meal proteins by hydrolysis of the amide bond, and minimization of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, improves functional properties of these products. For example, treatment of soy protein with dilute (0.05 A/) HCl, with or without a cation-exchange resin (Dowex 50) as a catalyst (133), with anions such as bicarbonate, phosphate, or chloride at pH 8.0 (134), or with peptide glutaminase at pH 7.0 (135), improved solubiHty, whipabiHty, water binding, and emulsifying properties. 

As predictable from the similarity of the properties of the two gums, quince seed gum is used in the appHcations described above for psyllium seed gum. Specific appHcations are in cosmetics and hair-setting lotions. It has also been used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations. 

Vegetable and seed oils as well as some synthetic base stocks present a new class of biodegradable base stocks. These fluids (10) have excellent biodegradation properties as measured by criteria developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). OECD 301 and EPA 560/6-82-003 measure the biodegradation of lubricants. These tests were developed to measure the degradation of oil, especially two-cycle ok, on waterways. Aquatic toxicity criteria toward fish is also found to be acceptable for this class of fluids as measured by EPA 560/6-82-002 and OECD 203 1-12. 

Other than fuel, the largest volume appHcation for hexane is in extraction of oil from seeds, eg, soybeans, cottonseed, safflower seed, peanuts, rapeseed, etc. Hexane has been found ideal for these appHcations because of its high solvency for oil, low boiling point, and low cost. Its narrow boiling range minimises losses, and its low benzene content minimises toxicity. These same properties also make hexane a desirable solvent and reaction medium in the manufacture of polyolefins, synthetic mbbers, and some pharmaceuticals. The solvent serves as catalyst carrier and, in some systems, assists in molecular weight regulation by precipitation of the polymer as it reaches a certain molecular size. However, most solution polymerization processes are fairly old it is likely that those processes will be replaced by more efficient nonsolvent processes in time. 

Miscellaneous Applications. PEIs and their derivatives ate used as cementation auxihaties in cmde oil exploration (459), and for breaking cmde oil emulsions (460) in cmde oil extraction. Seed coatings of water-soluble copolymers containing polyethyleneimine have been developed (461). Polyethyleneimine derivatives have positive photoresist properties (462) amidated polyethyleneimines improve the flow properties of cement (463) and with few exceptions, A/-acyla2iddines act as chemical sterilisers for insects (464). 

Contraction in the number of EPA-allowed biocides has heightened efforts to develop naturally derived preservatives and microorganisms capable of countering microbial degradation. Neem oil A. dirachta indica seed extract) has been featured as an exceptional natural candidate for the preservation of cosmetic products. Naturally derived chemicals with antimicrobial properties have been used since antiquity as preservatives. However, displacement of successhil synthetic products by natural products in preservatives of any category remains to be witnessed. 

The anhydride of 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxyHc acid has fungicidal properties (97). This anhydride has been commercially introduced, under the trade name Protect, as a seed treatment (eg, for com) to prevent injury to the seed by thiocarbamate herbicides. The effectiveness of the antidote 1,8-naphthaHc anhydride has also been successfully studied with several plants and herbicides (98,99). 

The concentrated mother Hquor contains a large amount of sulfuric acid in a free form, as titanium oxy-sulfate, and as some metal impurity sulfates. To yield the purest form of hydrated TiOg, the hydrolysis is carried out by a dding crystallizing seeds to the filtrate and heating the mixture close to its boiling temperature, - 109° C. The crystal stmcture of the seeds (anatase or mtile) and their physical properties affect the pigmentary characteristics of the final product. 

To produce the titanium white mtile pigment, the hydrated Ti02 gel prepared in the presence of mtile seeds is calcined at temperatures of 900—930°C. This temperature is quite important because pigments having a particle size of 200—400 nm are produced at these temperatures. When the calcination is carried out at temperatures above 950°C, the particles of Ti02 become considerably larger and do not have optimum pigmentary properties. 

Opium is the dried, powdered sap of the unripe seed pod of Papaver somniferum, a poppy plant indigenous to Asia minor. Theophrastus described its medical properties in the third century BC, but the Sumerians, ca BC 4000, probably perceived its utility. Arab physicians knew of the dmg, and Arab traders carried it to the Orient where it was used as a treatment for dysentery. Paracelsus is credited with repopularizing the dmg in western Europe in the early sixteenth century by formulating opium into "laudanum", which is still in use. More than 20 different alkaloids (qv) of two different classes comprise 25% of the weight of dry opium. The benzylisoquinolines, characterized by papaverine [58-74-2] (1.0%), a smooth muscle relaxant, and noscapine [128-62-1] (6.0%), an antitussive agent, do not have any analgesic effects. The phenanthrenes, the second group, are the more common and include 10% morphine (1, = R = H), 0.5% codeine [76-57-3], C gH2 N03, (1, R = H, R = CH3), and 0.2 thebaine [115-37-7], C 2H2 N03, (2). 

Glanded cottonseed kernels contain 1.1—1.3% gossypol (19) plus related pigments that affect nutritional properties and color of the oil and meal. Cottonseed also contains the cyclopropenoid acids, malvafic and stercuhc acids, which exist as glycerides and are concentrated in the seed axis (32). 

Commercial locust bean gum is the ground endosperm of the seeds of the locust bean (carob) tree. The general properties of locust bean gum are similar to those of guar gum. Differences are its low cold-water solubiUty and its synergistic gelation with kappa-carrageenan, furceUaran, and xanthan... 

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