Cottonseed kernel

Minor Constituents. All four oilseeds contain minor constituents that affect the use of the defatted seeds, especially in feeds and foods. Percentages of phytic acid [83-86-3] (3), for example, are soybean, 1.0—1.5 (30) cottonseed kernels, 2.2—3.8 (25) peanut kernels, 0.8 (25) and sunflower, 1.6-1.7 (31). 

Glanded cottonseed kernels contain 1.1—1.3% gossypol (19) plus related pigments that affect nutritional properties and color of the oil and meal. Cottonseed also contains the cyclopropenoid acids, malvafic and stercuhc acids, which exist as glycerides and are concentrated in the seed axis (32). 

The Food Protein Research and Development Center at Texas A M University has developed a cookbook of glandless cottonseed kernel uses in a variety of appetizer, salad, main course, side dish, and dessert products (23). 

A protocol approved by the FDA to determine the safety of low gossypol cottonseed kernels for human consumption was the basis for the second study by Reber (7 ). To prepare raw cottonseed flour, raw kernels were ground to meet Ro-tap sieve specifications of lab chow. To prepare roasted cottonseed flour, raw kernels were dry roasted at not less than 121°C for not less than 5 min. To prepare cooked cottonseed flour, raw kernels were cooked in steam until batch temperature had been at or above 121°C for 5 min. All cottonseed kernels were ground in the manner described above. The kernels contained not more than 0.037% (370 ppm) of free gossypol. They were free of Salmonella and did not contain detectable amounts of aflatoxin. The proximate analyses of the cottonseed flours are shown in Table I. 

There have been reports of reactions between house dust and cotton dust antibodies (38) and of allergens in cottonseed proteins by Spies et al T39). Also, byssinosis is uncommon in cottonseed crushing mills. Therefore we looked for the presence of antigens in water extracts of house dust, cottonseed hulls, cottonseed kernel proteins and clean hand picked cotton fibers that had not been baled. The results in Figure 5 indicate that house dust does not contain antigens common to those found in cotton dust. 

Different seeds vary considerably in the readiness with which they fall out of their hulls. Peanuts, for example, are loose in the hull and separate easily. Cottonseed kernels or meats adhere more tightly to the hull consequently, the hulls are passed through a hull beater to detach small meat particles after the first separation of hulls from the meats. For cottonseed, the following separations are commonly carried out separation of large meat particles from hulls and uncut seed by screening (15) separation of hulls from uncut seed by an air lift (16) separation of small meat particles from hulls by beating and screening (17) and separation of hull particles from meats by air (18). 

Stansbury, M. F., Cucullu, A. F., and Hartog, G. T. D. (1954). Cottonseed content variation Influence of variety and environment on oil content of cottonseed kernels. ]. Agric. Food Chem. 2,692-696. 

Properties Extracted from decorticated, partially defatted, cooked, ground cottonseed kernels. 

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