Safflower seed properties

Other than fuel, the largest volume appHcation for hexane is in extraction of oil from seeds, eg, soybeans, cottonseed, safflower seed, peanuts, rapeseed, etc. Hexane has been found ideal for these appHcations because of its high solvency for oil, low boiling point, and low cost. Its narrow boiling range minimises losses, and its low benzene content minimises toxicity. These same properties also make hexane a desirable solvent and reaction medium in the manufacture of polyolefins, synthetic mbbers, and some pharmaceuticals. The solvent serves as catalyst carrier and, in some systems, assists in molecular weight regulation by precipitation of the polymer as it reaches a certain molecular size. However, most solution polymerization processes are fairly old it is likely that those processes will be replaced by more efficient nonsolvent processes in time. 

Property Safflower seed oil Sesame seed oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil ... 

Safflower oil (unhydrogenated) Safflower seed oil Definition Oily liq. obtained from seeds of Carthanus tinctoriusconsistmq principally of triglycerides of linoleic acid Properties Lt, yel. oily liq. si. veg. odor sol. in oil and fat soivs. misc. with ether, chloroform insol. in water dens. 0.9211 -0.9215 (25/25 C) iodine no. 135-150 sapon. no. 188-194 ref. index 1.472-1.475 Toxicoiogy Human skin and eye irritant ing. in large volumes produces vomiting TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Hybon 2011. See Glass Hybrid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil Synonyms Carthamus tinctorius Carthamus tinctorius hybrid oil Carthamus tinctorius oil Hybrid safflower oil Safflower oil, hybrid Definition Oil derived from safflower seeds of a generic strain (hybrid safflower) which contains predominantly oleic acid triglyceride Properties Bland liq. insol. in water sol. in oil Uses Solubilizer, emollient, conditioner, gloss aid, solvent for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and in cooking oils... 

Jaworski, J.G., Goldschmidt, E.E. and Stumpf P.K., 1974. Fat metabolism in higher plants. Properties of the palmityl acyl carrier protein Stearyl acyl carrier protein elongation in maturing Safflower seed extracts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 163, 769-776. 

The A9 desaturases in plants and algae (and Euglena gracilis) appear to use stearoyl-ACP as substrate. The enzyme from developing safflower seeds has been partly purified in Stumpf s laboratory in California by the use of affinity chromatography on Sepharose columns to which ACP had been linked. The enzyme can use either NADPH or photosystems I and II with ferredoxin acting as the intermediate electron carrier. The safflower enzyme is soluble and is absolutely specific for stearoyl-ACP - two properties which contrast with those of the A9 desaturases of animals. 

Biodiesel made from feedstocks containing large concentrations of long-chain saturated fatty acids will have very poor cold flow properties. Less expensive feedstocks such as palm oil or tallow (see Table 1.3) may not be feasible in moderate temperature climates. In contrast, feedstocks with lower concentrations of long-chain saturated fatty acids yield biodiesel with more attractive cold flow properties. For example, biodiesel from canola, linseed, olive, rape-seed, and safflower oils have CP and PP close to or below 0°C (Table 1.3). 

The USA is the largest producer of tobacco seed oil, the second largest being India. Tobacco seed is a by-product of tobacco production and the oil is free from nicotine and other harmful substances. It is a semi-drying oil. Tobacco seed oil polymerises rapidly, is air drying and stoves faster than soybean oil, although it is inferior to linseed oil in this respect. The blown oil and stand oils of tobacco seed oil behave similarly to linseed oil. Its non-yellowing property it is similar or better than those of safflower and soybean oil. 

Bafor, M., Stobart, A.K. and Stymne, S. (1990b) Properties of the glycerol acylating enzymes in microsomal preparations from the developing seeds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and turnip rape Brassica campestris) and their ability to assemble cocoa-butter type fats. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 67, 217-225. 

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