Seeds of Pulses

This toxic protein is contained in caster seeds but does not pass into the oil. Similar phytotoxins occur in croton seeds (Crotin) jequirity seeds (Abrin) the bark of the locust tree, Robinia pseudo-acacia (Robin) and in the seeds of some leguminous plants (Phasin). The last is but weakly toxic. Ricin is responsible for the toxic effects on eating castor seeds 5 or 6 of these are fatal to a child, 20 to adults, and 3 or 4 seeds may cause violent gastroenteritis with nausea, headache, persistent vomiting, colic, sometimes bloody diarrhea, thirst, emaciation, and great debility. The symptoms usually do not set in until after several days. More severe intoxications cause small frequent pulse, cold sweat, icterus, and convulsions. Death occurs in 6 to 8 d, from the convulsions or from exhaustion. The fatality rate is about 6%. This low fatality rate is due to the destruction of the poison in the alimentary canal. The treatment would be evacuant and symptomatic. Usually, 3 to 10 d are required to complete recovery. 

Pitz, W.J., Sosulski, F.W. and Hogge, L.R. (1980) Occurrence of vicine and convicine in seeds of some Vicia species and other pulses. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 13, 35-39. 

The dry mass of pulse seeds consists of saccharides (14—63%), proteins (28 44%), and lipids (1-50%). The other constituents are mineral elements (mainly K and P) and vitamins from the B group. Soybean is the most valuable pod plant, due to its high quantity and good quality of protein. Soy products in the form of meat extenders and analogs are used all over the world. Soybean is also a raw material in the oil industry. 

In the experiments described here, two separate techniques have been used for interferometric characterization of the shocked material s motion frequency domain interferometry (FDI) [69, 80-81] and ultrafast 2-d spatial interferometric microscopy [82-83]. Frequency domain interferometry was used predominantly in our early experiments designed to measure free surface velocity rise times [70-71]. The present workhorse in the chemical reaction studies presented below is ultrafast interferometric microscopy [82], This method can be schematically represented as in Figure 6. A portion of the 800 nm compressed spectrally-modified pulse from the seeded, chirped pulse amplified Ti sapphire laser system (Spectra Physics) was used to perform interferometry. The remainder of this compressed pulse drives the optical parametric amplifier used to generate tunable fs infrared pulses (see below). 

Much work and probably industrial applications are carried out with regard to the improvement of the quality of products such as dried vegetable ingredients in instant soups which should rehydrate fully and quickly or for the decrease of cooking time of pulses such as dried seeds of peas or beans. However, no basic research in this promising field is known to the authors. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested a minimum of 30g/day of a combination of nuts, seeds, and pulses as part of a recommendation focusing on prevention of some types of cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) [3]. Nutrition research has demonstrated that as little as 30g of nutrient-dense nuts per day can have a positive effect on health. Moreover, tree nuts are a nutrient-dense, shelf-stable, nonperishable, whole food source of valuable micro- and macronutrients, which are crucial considerations in countries with limited controlled storage or processing facilities. 

Kuzayli, M.V., Cowan, J.W., and Sabry, Z.I., Nutritive value of Middle Eastern foodstuffs. II. Composition of pulses, seeds, nuts and cereal products of Lebanon, J. Sci. FoodAgric., 17, 82-84,1966. 

Secondary nucleation was observed to occur in a series of pulses, mainly during the latent period (section 5.4), when citric acid solutions were seeded in an agitated vessel (Mullin and Led, 1972). The secondary nucleation rate decreased with an increase in the seed size or in the number of seeds of a given size. The latent period was drastically reduced by decreasing the seed size, but was relatively unaffected by the number of seeds added. Increased supersatura-... 

A Polymer Science Approach to Physico-Chemical Characterization and Processing of Pulse Seeds... 

Although, researchers have studied the development of whole seed products and use of pulse flours as ingredients in products conventionally formulated with non-pulse flour (Abu-Ghannam Gowen, 2011 Maskus, 2010) and efforts in this area are increasing. 

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