Seed-Promoted Growth

Prevention and Control The relationship of legumes and these bacteria (Rhizobium spp.) is generally beneficial to both. Plants supply bacteria with nutrients bacteria convert nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use. To promote growth of these beneficial organisms, buy the bacteria in powder form (called inoculant) and dust the seeds of appropriate crops before planting. Certain species work better with particular plants, so buy the right inoculant for your crop. 

A further reflnement of this strategy is described by Jones and Mullin (1974), in which a seed age is added as a further aid in limiting the development of supersaturation, thereby reducing nucleation and promoting growth. 

Dislocations can occur within crystals as a result of stresses in crystal growth on seeds and around surface nuclei and inclusions. Spiral and other self-perpetuating growth can promote growth rate dispersion (different growth rates on different crystals of the same material) because each crystal is responding to the structure of its own unique dislocation(s). 

Silica encapsulation has been widely studied both in the open literature and in the patent literature. The first studies were reported by Hergeth et ah, who described the elaboration of composite particles made from quartz powders and polyvinyl acetate through seeded emulsion polymerization [85]. These authors showed that the number of seed particles must exceed a minimal value to prevent formation of new particles and, thus promote seed particles growth. The polymerization was proved to take place in the vicinity of the surface according to the admiceUar polymerization mechanism described previously, and the so-produced interfacial polymer was shown to display physical properties different than those of the bulk polymer. 

In order to basically interpret the aforementioned seed-promoted core-shell NC growth mechanism, Tsuji et al. examined the two-step synthesis of Au-Ag core-shell nanostructures [207, 253]. Based on the fact that Au and Ag show the same fee crystal structure with similar lattice constants, nanostructures exhibiting comparable shapes and sizes are expected to evolve. Furthermore Au-Ag core-shell S5 ems are ideal candidates to be investigated at TEM structural analyses as they own different mass contrast therefore easily distinguishable in TEM images [33,253]. 

In the field of uronic acid disaccharides, enzymic digestion of heparin gave the unsaturated disaccharide 83, and the related compound 84, named lepidimoide, which has been isolated from germinating cress seeds, promotes shoot growth and inhibits root growth. It has been synthesized to determine its absolute configuration. The artificial 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-/3-D-mannuronic acid-... 

An additional reason for the 1-D growth of the decahedral seed particles is that they are strained. The twin boundaries represent areas of high energy because the preferred angle between them is 70.5°, yet 72° is available [83]. This means that there is 7.5 ° that needs to be filled, and this may promote growth at the unpassivated ends in order to reduce the overall surface energy of the crystal. 

GibberelHc acid is also used successfliUy in rice culture to promote seed germination and the growth of semidwarf varieties. The treated seed can be planted deeper than normal. In addition, the sprouting seedlings are much taller than the untreated ones they compete weU against weeds. The material is sold under the trade name Release. 

In addition to inhibitory chemicals which enter the plant from the external environment, many endogenous inhibitors appear to function as regulators of seed germination and plant growth and development. The interrelationships between endogenous inhibitors and growth promoters such as the auxins, gibberellins, and kinins remain to be elucidated. 

Various assay methods have been used to detect the presence of inhibitory substances. These include some of the classical tests used by investigators of growth-promoting substances—i.e., the various Avena coleoptile assays which utilize intact, decapitated, or isolated cylinders and the split pea stem test. Effects on seed germination and seedling shoot or root growth and development have also been measured in addition to other visible expressions of inhibition. Details of many of these tests have been compiled by Mitchell et al. (99). Tests have been carried out in Petri dishes, with various solution culture techniques, and by sand and soil culture. Effects so measured may or may not be similar to those obtained under field situations— i.e., the establishment of inhibition under controlled conditions pro-... 

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