Seed fibers cotton

There are many kinds of natnral fibers, snch as bast fibers (flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie, nettle, and mesta), leaf fibers (sisal, heneqnen, pineapple, abaca, oil palm, and screw pine), seed fibers (cotton), frnit fibers (coconnt hnsk, or coir), and stalk fibers (straw of varions kinds). They are not nsed for commercial WPG, primarily on economical reasons (except maybe Procell, see Table 1.1). Most of these fibers have fonnd applications in established indnstries, snch as textile indnstry (cotton, flax, jnte, ramie, hemp, and sisal) and paper indnstry (straw). 

There are several different classifications in terms of plant fibers. While the classification of Nishino [59] includes seven groups as bast (soft) fibers (flax, hemp, jute), leaf (hard) fibers (sisal, abaca, pineapple, etc.), stem fibers (bamboo, banana stalk, corn stalk), fruit fibers (coconut), seed fibers (cotton, baobab, kapok), straw fibers (rice, wheat, corn), and others (seaweeds, palm), that of Faruk et al. [3] has six groups bast fibers (jute, flax, hemp), leaf fibers (abaca, sisal and pineapple), seed fibers (coir, cotton and kapok), core fibers (kenaf, hemp and jute), grass and reed fibers (wheat, corn and rice) and all other types (wood and roots). 

Seeds fiber cotton, kapok fiber Bast fiber flax, ramie, hemp, jute, apocynum, pineapple leaf fiber, coconut fiber, banana fiber, bamboo fiber, lotus fiber... 

Fibers (see Fibers, survey) used in textile production can have a wide variety of origins plants, ie, ceUulosic fibers (see Fibers, cellulose esters) animals, ie, protein fibers (see Wool) and, in the twentieth century, synthetic polymers. Depending on the part of the plant, the ceUulosic fibers can be classified as seed fibers, eg, cotton (qv), kapok bast fibers, eg, linen from flax, hemp, jute and leaf fibers, eg, agave. Protein fibers include wool and hair fibers from a large variety of mammals, eg, sheep, goats, camels, rabbits, etc, and the cocoon material of insect larvae (sUk). Real sUk is derived from the cocoon of the silkworm, Bombjx mori and for a long time was only produced in China, from which it was traded widely as a highly valuable material. 

Cotton Gossypium sp. Seed fiber Thread, cotton cloth,... 

Flax has been used to make thread and fabric since Neolithic times. Cotton cloth was first produced in India in about 1500 BC. Since cotton fibers come from the seed, and flax from the plant stem, the individual fibers are shaped very differently. Often, the only way to tell cotton from linen cloth is by microscopic examination of the fibers. Cotton looks like thin, flat ribbon, and flax fibers look segmented, like bamboo. 

Cotton is seed hairs that protect the seeds in their pods from desiccation in the dry season and from moisture in the rainy season. Under the microscope, cotton appears as a collapsed, tubelike fiber twisted at irregular intervals. In its natural state it repels water because of a waxy substance covering the fiber. Once the wax has been removed, cotton becomes the most absorbent fiber known to man. Cotton is cellulose it withstands moderate alkaline conditions but is easily affected by acids. Because of twist in the fiber, cotton lacks glossiness. Mercerization, a chemical process, gives luster to cotton fiber by straightening the twist. 

Cotton is both a food (cottonseed oil) and a fiber (cotton lint) crop. For each 100 kg (220.46 lbs) of cotton fiber produced, the plant also produces about 150 kg (330.69 lbs) of cottonseed. The cotton plant primarily is and has always been grown for the textile fiber (cotton) component of the plant. Consequently, the production of seed, which varies directly with cotton fiber production, is dominated by factors determining the production of cotton fiber. Cottonseed is about 15-20% of the value of the cotton crop. 

In searching for a fiber that would exhibit these characteristics, the animal-fiber wool and the seed-hair cotton can be discarded. Both of these fibers lack the above-named attributes, for they have molecular and fiber crimp, which would result in less than straight trajectories. Flax and the other bast fibers may be deleted as well, because the fibers within bundles would vary in number. 

Cotton strains and species with green fiber have lamellar layers (up to 26) of suberin and wax deposited alternately with cellulose during formation of secondary walls in the epidermal cells, including fiber cells, of the seed coat. Seeds of cotton with green lint are less permeable to water than those with white lint, indicating that suberin may be involved in regulating water uptake by seeds. 

Loading nose, 226, 232, 233, 236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 245, 253, 256, 265, 274 Long alkyl chain alkoxysilanes, 172 Long cellulose fiber, 79, 92, 98 Long natural fiber, 110 Abaca, 110 Bast fibers, 110 Cost of, no Cotton, 110 Flax, no Fruit fibers, 110 Hemp, no Henequen, 110 Jute, no Kenaf, 110 Leaf fibers, 110 Mesta, no Nettle, no Pineapple, 110 Ramie, 110 Seed fibers, 110 Sisal, no Stalk fibers, 110... 

Natural fibers can be classified as seed fibers (such as cotton), bast fibers (like flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie), hard fibers (like sisal), fi-uit fibers (like coir), and wood fibers. The chemical composition and dimensions of some common agro-fibers are presented in Table 5.21. The origin of wood fibers can be sawmill chips, sawdust, wood flour or powder, cutter shavings, pulp or wood residues. As binders for these fibers, both thermosetting (like phenolic, epoxy, polyester) resins and thermosetting matrices [such as polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polystyrene (PS)j can be used. Thermoplastic composites are, however, less expensive to process than thermosetting composites, in addition to their ability to be manufactured into complex shapes. 

Fiber, vegetable Different vegetable fibers are used in RPs, etc. They include (1) seed-hair-cotton, kapok, milkweed floss (2) bast-flax, hemp, jute, ramie and (3) leaf-abaca, sisal. 

Commercially useful fibers come primarily from the leaves or stems or seed coverings of specific plants. The functional role of fibers in the plant clearly need not be as structural components. Fibers such as cotton and coir serve to protect the seed or fruit from mechanical and perhaps pest or microbial damage. Cotton and other similarly attached seed fibers are also expected, by nature, to play an extremely important role in plant propagation the low mass-to-volume ratio of the seed-fiber ensemble makes it possible for the aerodynamic or buoyancy forces to transport it over large distances. 

Seed hair fibers cotton, kapok, and coir which are obtained from seeds and the... 

Other than cotton, seed fibers generally exhibit the lowest densities and the highest microfibril angle among plant fibers. They have high failure elongation and low elasticity modulus [61]. 

Leaf fibers Pineapple, Banana, Sisal, Pine, Abaca (Manila hemp), Curaua, Agaves, Cabuja, Henequen, Date-palm, African palm. Raffia, New Zealand flax, Isora Seed (hairs) fibers Cotton, Kapok, Coir, Baobab, Milkweed Stalk fibers Bamboo, Bagasse, Banana stalk, Cork stalk Fruit fibers Coconut, Oil palm Wood fibers Hardwood, Softwood... 

G. The principle criteria for selection of the Carbonaceous raw material to activate is often cost, or its counterpart - availability. Sources include flax shive (the stems of flax fiber), cotton gin waste, nutshells, peat, pine wood, coir (fiber from the husk of coconut, produced in Sri Lanka and India), the coconut shell itself (from the Philippines), lignite, coal, petroleum pitch, peach or olive pits, eucalyptus, rice husk, apricot stones, grape seeds. 

Seed fiber A natural fiber such as cotton that is derived from the seed pod of a plant. 

J. D. Guthrie, C. L. Hoftpanir, M. F. Stansbury and W. A. Reevers, Survey of the Chemical Composition of Cotton Fibers, Cotton Seed, Peanuts, and Sweet Potatoes, A Literature Review, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Agriculture and Industrial... 

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