Secondary pack

Secondary Packing Much more emphasis should be placed on secondary packing especially if Teflon is used. A wide variation in performance is seen between various seal vendors, depending on seal arrangement there can be difference in mating ring packing. 

Separate air handling systems for manufacturing and non-manufacturing operations, for example, manufacturing and primary packing, secondary packing, QC laboratories such as in-process and administration facilities, etc. 

There are several software packages that will calculate pallet layouts for various secondary pack formats, as well as offering suggested specifications for corrugated or board outers. They will also calculate pallet utilisation and the subsequent pallet layouts for sea containers, even for mixed loads, and for handballing cases into the container. 

Pillow Pack. Today these are usually used for added protection as a secondary pack. In many respects they are similar to single-roll sachet packs, but the product forms the outline of the pillow pack, which is usually a heat fin—sealed up one edge and heat sealed/guillotined on each end. 

The only warning that is necessary, Attention the Law prohibits the dispensing without prescription, should be on the label of a prescription medication or in its secondary packing if the label is too little to contain it. 

Level 1 General Area with normal housekeeping and maintenance, e.g. warehousing, secondary packing... 

Recirculation of air from areas where pharmaceutical dust is not generated such as secondary packing, may not require HEPA filters in the system. 

Higher levels of conversions (> 99%) can be achieved by a two-stage MTBE synthesis process (Figure 3.26). The first reactor is a typical MTBE synthesis, using isobutene and methanol as feeds over a packed-bed ion-exchange reactor. The product is separated in a debutanizer tower and the overhead of this reactor is charged to another synthesis reactor to achieve higher conversion of isobutene. A secondary debutanizer is used to separate the additional MTBE produced in the secondary packed bed reactor. Methanol removed from the overhead stream is recycled back to the primary synthesis reactor [52]. 

Secondary pack Carton with patient instruction leaflet... 

The term pack in the above covers all the components involved, i.e. the primary or immediate pack which consists of those materials in direct contact with the product. The secondary pack and sometimes tertiary components enable the product to be stored, transported and displayed, and possibly assist use. Tertiary components may include ancillary components, e.g. leaflets or inserts, separate dispensing spoons and measures. 

The formulation and packaging disciplines have carried out adequate investigation or feasibility support work to establish the functional and aesthetic aspects of the pack, both primary and secondary. The primary pack (US terminology—immediate pack) may be defined as the pack which is in immediate contact with the product, and the secondary pack as the ancillary materials required for presentation, information, warehousing and distribution purposes. Feasibility or investigational work may involve information-gathering on the pack and its components, etc. (i.e. basic research into materials, packs and processes) and compatibility studies, accelerated or otherwise, on the product and pack. 

The materials used for the primary (and secondary) pack, even if constituents are non-migratory, are non-toxic and nonirritant and this information can be adequately supported by the study of ... 

The finished product control will be a standard procedure covering primary and secondary pack characteristics such as the following. 

A final complication is the fact that closure systems (particularly those which assist in the dispensing or administration of a product) are becoming more complex and more sophisticated. The list which follows indicates many of the various closures and closure systems which are available for both primary and secondary packs as seals or closures can be temporary or permanent, certain packs may have a series of closures created by the way in which they are converted or manufactured. A tinplate built-up aerosol container, for example, has four permanent seals, i.e. welded or soldered side seam, a cone and a dome held to the container body by double seams, a swaged-in valve cup, and an operational valve system (the in-use closure). Some of the systems will therefore be described in further detail. 

Although warehousing and distribution may be primarily associated with bulk or the unit load packaging, they are also related to secondary packaging because sometimes these secondary packs are broken down (e.g. at the wholesaler) and sent out to their final destination as singles or twos. If this happens and the unit packaging is poor (e.g. poor quality carton),... 

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