Secondary dome

Secondly, this time Size well B containment vessel (Fig. 7.1) is taken as an example. Figures 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5 show typical reinforcement system. Figure 7.6 shows a secondary dome provided to protect the primary containment from the external hazards and public from the internal hazards. 

Ninotsminda is situated in a mountainous terrain, mostly covered with wood, crossed with secondary roads and paths. Here are a lot of small ravines. The river Iori flows 6 km south of the top of the field, from west towards east. The altitudes of the terrain vary from 800 to 1200 meters above sea level. The altitude increases from south to north. Relief locates on 1100 m above sea level in the dome part of Ninotsminda. 

A final complication is the fact that closure systems (particularly those which assist in the dispensing or administration of a product) are becoming more complex and more sophisticated. The list which follows indicates many of the various closures and closure systems which are available for both primary and secondary packs as seals or closures can be temporary or permanent, certain packs may have a series of closures created by the way in which they are converted or manufactured. A tinplate built-up aerosol container, for example, has four permanent seals, i.e. welded or soldered side seam, a cone and a dome held to the container body by double seams, a swaged-in valve cup, and an operational valve system (the in-use closure). Some of the systems will therefore be described in further detail. 

Stable carbon isotope ratios for the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of the Algerian oil samples support a genetic relationship between the Silurian Hassi Messaoud and Zemlet oil samples, which differ from the Devonian Assekaifaf, Dome, Zarzaitine, and Oued Zenani samples (Table 4). However, these isotopic differences are small (< l%o) and cannot be generally applied because of larger differences that might be imposed by secondary processes, such as thermal maturity. The calculated canonical variables (Sofer, 1984) for the six oil samples indicate marine source-rock organic matter (CV < 0.47), but lack systematic differences between the Silurian and Devonian samples. 

In the secondary lymphoid organs of mice, at least three major subpopulations of dendritic cells have been described CD8a+ lymphoid dendritic cells, CD8a myeloid dendritic cells, and Langerhans cell-derived dendritic cells. CD8a dendritic cells are found in the T-lymphocyte-rich areas in the lymph nodes, Peyer s patches, and spleen. By contrast, CD8a dendritic cells are localized in the marginal zones of the spleen, the subcapsular sinuses of the lymph nodes, and the subepithelial dome of the Peyer s patches. In response to micro-... 

On the other hand, in dysplastic forms, progressive slippage of L5 around the dome creates an acute lumbo-sacral kyphosis. To preserve balance of the trunk and to try to maintain the gravity line between the two feet, secondary phenomena appeared hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine above... 

The concept of double containment has been adopted for Indian PHWRS. The containment structure consists of a cylindrical prestressed cement concrete (PCC) primary containment with PCC dome and a secondary containment of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structure completely surrounding the primary containment. 

Reactor core d) Steam generator Primary vessel Q) Secondary pump (D Secondary vessel (D Roof slab Intermediate heat (D Top dome exchanger Air cooler... 

The Mark 1 containment design consists of the following components (1) the drywell, made of steel dome of 1 in. thick that surrounds the reactor vessel and recirculation loops (2) a suppression chamber, which stores a large body of water (suppression pool) (3) an interconnecting vent network between the dr3rwell and the suppression chamber and (4) the secondary containment, which surrounds the primary containment (drywell and suppression pool) and houses the spent fuel pool and ECCSs. 

Apparent decrease of Sr concentration occurs during rock transformation in the op>en system with unbounded circulation of the solution in free pore spaces, whereas the residual products of these transformations are often enriched in strontium. During the hydration of anhydrite, gypsum shows limited ability of Sr ions incorporation into its crystal lattice and is not able to incorporate them completely. Dissolution and recrystallization purify gypsum and anhydrite from impurities, and activate strontium lowering its content in newly created mineral comparing to the primary mineral, i.e. some secondary gypsums from Wapno Salt Dome consist only 159 ppm Sr (Jaworska Ratajczak, 2008), primary anhydrite from which it has been created consist 1700 p>pm Sr. 

The main vessel is closed above the free level of sodium and argon cover gas by the slab which contains in its central section two eccentric rotating plugs and the core cover plug which supports the control rod drive mechanisms and the core instrumentation. It is surrounded by the safety vessel, welded to the slab, which is itself topped by a metallic dome. This dome can resist a pressure of 3 bar at a temperature of 180 C. The safety vessel and the dome make up the primary boundary, and the reactor building in reinforced concrete constitutes the secondary boundary. 

The reactor unit is enclosed in a concrete well with a leak-tight steel liner. Above the reactor roof the liner is joined to a protective dome housing the Control Rod Drive Mechanisms (CRDMs), primary pump motors and in-reactor refuelling mechanisms. The secondary pipes are jacketed inside the dome. To replace a primary component the corresponding part of the dome has to be removed. A robust concrete containment building houses the reactor unit (Fig. 9.16). The DHR air coolers, secondary coolant pumps and steam generators are located in individual compartments outside the containment. 

Fig. 15.18. High-intensity Cs sputter source for AMS. Cs ions are created by thermal ion-zation of Cs vapor on a large heated tantalum anode that is placed over the sample like a dome. Secondary (analyte) ions exit through an axial aperture. Having the sample at negative high voltage accelerates the Cs ions away from the anode to bombard the sample and also forces the analyte anions out of the source. Reproduced from Ref. [125] with permission. Wiley Periodicals Inc., 2008.

The vapor is warmed and catalyzed to an equilibrium mixture of hydrogen, deuterium, and hydrogen deuteride. This mixture is cooled and returned to the deuterium or lower section of the secondary column. The reboiler liquid from the deuterium column is almost pure deuterium. The H2-HD mixture collected in the dome of the deuterium column is sent to the upper section of the secondary column for further separation. 

The Loviisa NPP, owned and operated by Imatran Voima Oy (IVO), is a unique combination of the nuclear technologies from east and west with the Soviet V -440 reactor and the ice condenser containment (ICC). The Loviisa ICC is a double containment in which the pressure boundary of the containment is the free standing cylindrical pressure vessel with a dome inside the secondary containment. The containment design pressure is 0.17 MPa, and estimated ultimate failure pressure 0.32S MPa. The ice condenser is divided in the Loviisa NPP into two separate sections in contrary to a single ice section in the US and Japanese ice condenser containments. The other significant differences in the Loviisa ICC, compared to the US and Japanese ICC s, are that the total volume of the containment is much bigger, i.e it is of the size of dry containment, there are no air return fans for mixing the atmosphere of the whole containment and the external spray system of the containment steel shell have been installed at Loviisa. 

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