Second-harmonic generator

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) has recently emerged as a powerful surface probe [95, 96]. Second harmonic generation has long been used to produce frequency doublers from noncentrosymmetric crystals. As a surface probe, SHG can be caused by the break in symmetry at the interface between two centrosymmetric media. A high-powered pulsed laser is focused at an angle of incidence from 30 to 70° onto the sample at a power density of 10 to 10 W/cm. The harmonic is observed in reflection or transmission at twice the incident frequency with a photomultiplier tube. [Pg.311]

SHG Optical second-harmonic generation [95, 96] A high-powered pulsed laser generates frequency-doubled response due to the asymmetry of the interface Adsorption and surface coverage rapid surface changes... [Pg.318]

Richmond G L, Robinson J M and Shannon V L 1988 Second harmonic generation studies of interfacial structure and dynamics Prog. Surf. Sc/. 28 1-70... [Pg.1300]

Shen Y R 1989 Optical second harmonic-generation at interfaces Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 40 327-50... [Pg.1300]

Corn R M and Higgins D A 1994 Optical second-harmonic generation as a probe of surface-chemistry Chem. Rev. 94 107-25... [Pg.1300]

Brevet P F 1997 Surface Second Harmonic Generation (Lausanne Presses Polyteohniques et Universitaires Romandes)... [Pg.1301]

Keller G 1986 Random-phase-approximation study of the response function describing optical second-harmonic generation from a metal selvedge Rhys. Rev. B 33 990-1009... [Pg.1301]

Schaich W L 2000 Calculations of second-harmonic generation for a ]ellium metal surface Phys. Rev. B 61 10 478-83... [Pg.1302]

Ghahramani E, Moss D J and Sipe J E 1990 Second-harmonic generation in odd-period, strained, (Si)y(Ge) Si superlattices and at Si/Ge interfaces Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 2815-18... [Pg.1302]

Mendoza B S, Gaggiotti A and Del Sole R 1998 Microscopic theory of second harmonic generation at Si(IOO) surfaces Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 3781-4... [Pg.1302]

Dadap J I, Hu X F, Russell N M, Ekerdt J G, Lowell J Kand Downer M C 1995 Analysis of second-harmonic generation by unamplified, high-repetition-rate, ultrashort laser pulses at Si(OOI) interfaces/ J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron 1 1145-55... [Pg.1302]

Heinz T F, Tom H W K and Shen Y R 1983 Determination of molecular orientation of monolayer adsorbates by optical second-harmonic generation Phys. Rev. A 28 1883-5... [Pg.1302]

Petraiii-Maiiow T, Wong T M, Byers J D, Yee H i and Hicks J M 1993 Circuiar dichroism spectroscopy at interfaces—a surface second harmonic-generation study J. Phys. Chem. 97 1383-8... [Pg.1303]

Sitzmann E V and Eisenthal K B 1988 Picosecond dynamics of a chemical-reaction at the air-water interface studied by surface second-harmonic generation J. Phys. Chem. 92 4579-80... [Pg.1304]

Lantz J M and Corn R M 1994 Time-resolved optical second harmonic generation measurements of picosecond band flattening processes at single crystal TiO, electrodes J. Phys. Chem. 98 9387-90... [Pg.1304]

Boyd G T, Shen Y R and Hansch T W 1986 Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation as a surface microprobe Opt. Lett. 11 97-9... [Pg.1304]

Dadap J I, Shan J, Weling A S, Misewich J A, Nahata A and Heinz T F 1999 Measurement of the vector character of electric fields by optical second-harmonic generation Opt. Lett. 24 1059-61... [Pg.1304]

Zhu X D, Rasing T H and Shen Y R 1988 Surface diffusion of CO on Ni(111) studied by diffraction of optical second-harmonic generation off a monolayer grating Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2883-5... [Pg.1304]

Aktsipetrov O A, Fedyanin A A, Golovkina V N and Murzina T V 1994 Optical second-harmonic generation... [Pg.1304]

Nahata A, Heinz T F and Misewich J A 1996 High-speed electrical sampling using optical second-harmonic generation Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 746-8... [Pg.1305]

Ohihoff C, Lupke G, Meyer C and Kurz H 1997 Static and high-frequency electric fields in silicon MOS and MS structures probed by optical second-harmonic generation Phys. Rev. B 55 4596-606... [Pg.1305]

Reif J, Zink J C, Schneider C-M and Kirschner J 1991 Effects of surface magnetism on optical second harmonic generation Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 2878-81... [Pg.1305]

Spierings G, Koutsos V, Wierenga H A, Prins M W J, Abraham D and Rasing Th 1993 Optical second harmonic generation study of interface magnetism Surf. Sc/. 287-8 747-9... [Pg.1305]

Vollmer R 1998 Magnetization-induced second harmonic generation from surfaces and ultrathin films Nonlinear Optics in Metals e6 K H Bennemann (Oxford Clarendon) pp 42-131... [Pg.1305]

Wang H, Yan E C Y, Borguet E and Eisenthal K B 1996 Second harmonic generation from the surface of centrosymmetric particles in bulk solution Chem. Phys. Lett. 259 15-20... [Pg.1305]

Campagnola P J, Wei M D, Lewis A and Loew L M 1999 High-resolution nonlinear optical imaging of live cells by second harmonic generation Biophys. J. 77 3341-9... [Pg.1305]

DeLong K W, Trebino R, Hunter J and White W E 1994 Frequency-resolved optical gating with the use of second-harmonic generation J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 2206-15... [Pg.1994]

Leigh D A, Moody A E, Wade F A, King T A, West D and Bahra G S 1995 Second harmonic generation from Langmuir-Blodgett films of fullerene-aza-crown ethers and their potassium ion complexes Langmuir 11 2334-6... [Pg.2430]

Shi Z, Lipkowski J, Mirwald S and Pettinger B 1996 Electrochemical and second harmonic generation study of bromide adsorption at the Au(111) surface J. Chem. See. Faraday Trans. 92 3737-46... [Pg.2756]

Pumping is with a flashlamp, as in the case of the ruby laser, and a pulse energy of the order 1 J may be achieved. Frequency doubling (second harmonic generation) can provide tunable radiation in the 360-400 nm region. [Pg.348]

In the single-domain state, many ferroelectric crystals also exhibit high optical nonlinearity and this, coupled with the large standing optical anisotropies (birefringences) that are often available, makes the ferroelectrics interesting candidates for phase-matched optical second harmonic generation (SHG). [Pg.203]

The second term on the right-hand side, a component oscillating at frequency 2co, represents the second harmonic of the incident beam. This component of the polarization vector can radiate light at the frequency 2co. Observation of the second harmonic generation was demonstrated in the early 1960s using mby lasers (59). [Pg.13]

Only certain types of crystalline materials can exhibit second harmonic generation (61). Because of symmetry considerations, the coefficient must be identically equal to zero in any material having a center of symmetry. Thus the only candidates for second harmonic generation are materials that lack a center of symmetry. Some common materials which are used in nonlinear optics include barium sodium niobate [12323-03-4] Ba2NaNb O lithium niobate [12031 -63-9] LiNbO potassium titanyl phosphate [12690-20-9], KTiOPO beta-barium borate [13701 -59-2], p-BaB204 and lithium triborate... [Pg.13]

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