Electrochemical interfaces second harmonic generation

Crawford M J, Frey J G, VanderNoot T J and Zhao Y G 1996 Investigation of transport across an immiscible liquid/liquid interface—electrochemical and second harmonic generation studies J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 1369-73... 

In recent years,3 4 however, there has been renewed interest in the study of the electrode/solution interface due in part to the development of new spectroscopic techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,5-7 electrochemically modulated infrared reflectance spectroscopy and related techniques,8,9 second-harmonic generation,10-12 and others which give information about the identity and orientation of molecular species in the interfacial... 

Refs. [i] Hoke R (2008) Surface and interface analysis an electrochemists toolbox. Springer, Berlin [ii] Tadjeddine A, Peremans A (1998) Non-linear optical spectroscopy of the electrochemical interface. In Clark RJH, Hester RE (eds) Advances in spectroscopy (spectroscopy for surface science), vol. 26. Wiley, Chichester, p 159 [iii] Shen YR (1990) In Gutierrez C, Melendres C (eds) Spectroscopic and diffraction techniques in interfacial electrochemistry (NATO ASI series C, vol. 320). Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 281 [iv] Shen YR (1986) Applications of optical second-harmonic generation to surface science. In Hall RB, Ellis AB (eds) Chemistry and structure at interfaces. VCH, Deerfield Beach, p 151 [v] Williams CT, Beattie DA (2002) SurfSci 500 545... 

Refs. [i] Richmond GL, Robinson JM, Shannon VL (1988) Progr Surf Sci 28 1 [ii] Richmond GL (1991) Optical second harmonic generation as an in situ probe of electrochemical interfaces. In Bard A] (ed) Electroanalytical chemistry, vol. 17. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 87 [iii] Corn RM, Romagnoli M, Levenson MD, PhilpottMR (1984) / Chem Phys 81 4127 [iv] Georgiadis R, Richmond GL (1991) / Phys Chem 95 2895 [v] Holze R (2008) Surface and interface analysis an electrochemists toolbox. Springer, Berlin... 

Besides improving classical electrochemical methods, newly employed techniques such as second harmonic-generation and time-resolved fluorometry, with either control of the potential drop across the interface or fluctuation analysis, are promising in this respect. Also indispensable are further advances in molecular dynamics and statistical-mechanical treatments of structure and charge transfer at the ITIES. 

Second harmonic generation has also been used to study the semiconductor/ solution interface during the deposition of gold on Si(lll) [777]. In a setup combining SHG and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), the underpotential deposition of copper on a polycrystalline gold surface has been studied a decrease of the SHG signal by 60% upon formation of the upd-layer was found [778]. A study of the electrochemical liquid/liquid interface between two immiscible solutions where adsorption of surfactants occurred has been reported [779]. 

Simple jellium-model concepts also helped to understand the potential dependence of a nonlinear optical signal from the electrochemical interface - the second harmonic generation [146, 147], and of the frequency of surface plasmon resonance [148, 149]. In both cases, the effect of field-induced adsorption of anions at positive charges of the electrodes was rationalized. An application of the inverted Lang model [107] revealed the... 

Optical Second Harmonic Generation as an In Situ Probe of Electrochemical Interfaces, Geraldine L. Richmond... 

Higgins, D. A. and R. M. Corn, Second harmonic generation studies of adsorption at a liquid-liquid electrochemical interface, J Phys Chem-Us, Vol. 97, (1993) p. 489. 

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