Nonlinear optical imaging

Campagnola P J, Wei M D, Lewis A and Loew L M 1999 High-resolution nonlinear optical imaging of live cells by second harmonic generation Biophys. J. 77 3341-9... 

P.J. Campagnola, M.D. Wei, A. Lewis, and L.M. Loew, High-resolution nonlinear optical imaging of live cells hy second harmonic generation, Biophysical Journal 77(6), 3341-3349 (1999). 

We have identified high-order dispersion as the main reason why ultrashort, 10 fs, pulses have rarely been used for nonlinear optical imaging. We discussed the MllPS method for automated measurement and elimination of high-order dispersion. We provided quantitative analysis for the advantage of high-order dispersion as compared with correction limited to SOD. This enhancement was confirmed experimentally in fixed and living cells, as well as in depth imaging. Finally, we demonstrated that the broad bandwidth of ultrashort pulses can be used for selective two-photon excitation when appropriate phase or amplitude modulation is used. 

In summary, nonlinear optical imaging methods, such as TPM, allow for an order of improvement in the signal simply by utilization of 10 times shorter pulses. The enhancement is even more dramatic for higher-order nonlinearities, such as third harmonic generation where two orders of magnitude increase is expected. These improvements, however, rely on successful measurement and elimination of phase distortions. 

Chapter 8 Nonlinear Optical Imaging with Sub-10 fs Pulses.197... 

The chemical specificity of CARS microscopy is readily combined with other nonlinear optical image contrast mechanisms, such as two-photon fluorescence (TPF), SHG, and THG, resulting in a multimodal CARS microscopy [88, 118, 117, 43]. In multimodal nonlinear optical imaging, TPF, SHG, and THG signals all benefit from the use of femtosecond laser pulses of high peak intensities, whereas the contrast and chemical selectivity of CARS benefits from the use of picosecond (narrow-bandwidth) pulses (see discussion in Sect. 6.2.3). As demonstrated by Pegoraro et al. [43], this apparent... 

The application of photochromic materials for optical storage is the most important area, as discussed in Section 4.6.1. Many other applications have been developed, for example, nonlinear optical image processing,108 photoswitches,92... 

Y. Mitsuhashi, Saturable Fabry-Perot filter for nonlinear optical image processing, Opt. Lett., 6, 111-113 (1981). 

The excitation of the surface plasmon effect also induces strongly enhanced fluorescence properties of gold nanoparticles due to the enhanconent in the radiative rate of the inter-band electronic transitions relative to that in bulk metals. Metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanorods exhibit enhanced two-photon luminescence (TPL) and multi-photon luminescoice (MPL) [7, 8]. Strongly-enhanced TPL has been observed from individual particles [9, 10] and particle solutions [11] under femtosecond NIR laser excitation. This observation raises the possibility of nonlinear optical imaging in the NIR region, where water and biomolecules have... 

Kano, H. and Hamaguchi, H. (2006) In-vivo multi-nonlinear optical imaging of a living cell using a supercontinuum light source generated from a photonic crystal fiber. Opt. Express, 14, 2798-2804. 

Kestur US, Wanapun D et al (2012) Nonlinear optical imaging for sensitive detection of crysttds in bulk amorphous powders. J Pharm Sd 101 4201 213 Kohlgtiiber K, Bierdel M (2008) Co-rotating twin-screw extruders fundamentals, technology, and applications. Carl Hanser Publishers, Cincinnati... 

Work WJ, Hess KHM et al (2004) Definitions of terms related to polymer blends, composites, and multiphase polymeric materials. Pure Appl Chem 76(11) 1985-2007 Wanapun D, Kestur US et al (2010) Selective detection and quantitation of organic molecule crystallization by second harmonic generation microscopy. Anal Chem 82 5425-5432 Wanapun D, Kestur US et al (2011) Single particle nonlinear optical imaging of trace crystallinity in an organic powder. Anal Chem 83 4745-4751... 

Molecular free volume (distribution) of a sample probed by the ortho positronium (o-Ps) formed by the parallel spin interaction of injected positron atom with the electron of the sample Second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC)... 

Second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC) (Kestur et al. 2012 Kissick et al. 2011 Toth et al. 2012 Wanapun et al. 2011) Qualification of crysttillinity and size distribution of trace chiral crystal in tm amorphous matrix Extremely sensitive (4 ppm) of crystaUimty for some chiral crystal systems Imaging of nanocrystal (90 mn) in polymeric matrix Potential utility for monitoring early stage nucleation/crystal growth from amorphous system Limited to the chiral crystals Requires further exploration... 

Khougaz K, Clas S-D (2000) Crystalhzation inhibition in solid dispersions of MK-0591 and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) polymers. J Pharm Sci 89 1325-1334 Kissick DJ, Wanapun D, Simpson GJ (2011) Second-order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto, Cahf.) 4 419-437 Klama F (2010) NMR-studies of multi component solids. M. Sc. Dissertation, University of East Anglia, p 186... 

Toth SJ, Madden JT, Taylor LS, Marsac P, Simpson GJ (2012) Selective imaging of active pharmaceutical ingredients in powdered blends with common excipients utilizing two-photon excited ultraviolet-fluorescence and ultraviolet-second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals. Anal Chem 84 5869-5875... 

A.V., and Prasad, P.N. (2010) Nonlinear optical imaging and Raman microspectrometry of the cell nucleus throughout the cell cycle. Biophys.., 99, 3483-3491. 

---