SEARCH TEXT reaction

Search for Reactions/Molecules Choose Forms for Text Transfer Write RDfile... 

A number of methods have been developed to introduce context to on-line databases, enabling searches to be refined to minimized false retrieval. One of the earliest techniques is proximity searching, in which two words are required to be adjacent, or within a limited distance from each other in text. The assignment of roles to chemical substances is a method of precoordinating concepts. A substance can be identified as a reactant, as a product, and in some systems in a number of additional roles. For example, by searching for documents in which formaldehyde is a product, documents in which it is a reactant, or in which it undergoes no reaction, are thus eliminated. 

In 1999 CambridgeSoft released a desktop/personal version of an e-notebook, specifically targeted at medicinal chemistry this incorporated reaction drawing and searching, automatic stoichiometry calculations, and simple procedure write-up using plain text. This system was adopted both by individuals, particularly in the academic community, and by small and mediumsized companies as an alternative to building an in-house hybrid system (Fig. 9.2). 

Web in the life of the medicinal chemist. One may see the development of alerting services for the primary medicinal chemistry journals. The Web-based information search process could be replaced by a much more structured one based on metadata, derived by automated processing of the original full-text article. To discover new and potentially interesting articles, the user subscribes to the RSS feeds of relevant publishers and can simply search the latest items that appear automatically for keywords of interest. The article download is still necessary, but it may be possible for the client software to automatically invoke bibliographic tools to store the found references. Another application of the Chemical Semantic Web may be as alerting services for new additions to chemical databases where users get alerts for the new additions of structures or reactions. 

Many approaches have been used to correlate solvent effects. The approach used most often is based on the electrostatic theory, the theoretical development of which has been described in detail by Amis [114]. The reaction rate is correlated with some bulk parameter of the solvent, such as the dielectric constant or its various algebraic functions. The search for empirical parameters of solvent polarity and their applications in multiparameter equations has recently been intensified, and this approach is described in the book by Reich-ardt [115] and more recently in the chapter on medium effects in Connor s text on chemical kinetics [110]. 

InfoChem cooperates with several well-known scientific publishing houses in the concept development and implementation of Internet/Intranet versions of printed major chemistry reference works (MRW). InfoChem applications provide standard text search as well as tools to search by structure, substructure and by reactions. Additionally, InfoChem s global Major Reference Work application (gMRW) allows the simultaneous retrieval of structures, reactions and text in several major reference works, in. Key capabilities and offerings ... 

John Wiley, Science of Synthesis from Thieme Verlag, Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis - CAC from Springer) has been developed by InfoChem and allows the retrieval of structures, reactions and text. InfoChem s application global Major Reference Works (gMRW) makes the individual MRWs available in one application that enables global searches over the various MRW databases simultaneously. Currently scientist can perform structure, substructure, and reaction retrieval in approximately 250,000 reactions. 

Fig. 11. Search for superheavy nuclides in the reaction of 48Ca with 248Cm upper limits of production cross sections plotted versus half-life. The curves refer to different separation techniques (see text) recoil-fragment separators (curves 1, 2), fast on-line chemistry (3-5), and off-line chemistry with low-background counting (6-8). From P. Armbruster et al. [100].

Fig. 13. Search for superheavy nuclides in the 238U+238U reaction upper limits for the production cross section obtained with various techniques (see text), plotted versus half-life. Reproduced from N. Hildebrand et al. [108], Copyright (2002), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Organoaluminum compounds are heavily used in organic synthesis and the pertinent literature is too extensive to be adequately reviewed here. Readers are directed to excellent articles by Eisch for a general overview of the subject and are encouraged to search for specific transformations in the texts published by March and Larock. The text by Ojima cites several examples of enantioselective reactions using chiral complexes of aluminum. 

In 2009, there were two ways to access from a client version installed on a computer or via web access. The client version is being phased out as the web version is being developed. Both versions have the same functionality. Advantages of SciFinder include the ability to combine answer sets and the ability to see all the substances linked to an abstract in a grid layout. Clicking on a substance structure or registry number allows the user to modify the structure for future searches or to explore reactions. SciFinder also provides access to the full text of the article through the ChemPort Connection. This allows the user to directly access the article when permissions for access are enabled or to purchase the article when they are not enabled. 

Draw reaction schemes to illustrate your work clearly and make sure that they are located near to the part of the text that refers to them. Avoid making the reader search for a numbered structure many pages from where it is described in the text, and if necessary repeat the structure. 

In the simplest sense, searching chemical information consists of (IXinding structures or reactions that meet the chemist s search criteria and/or (2) finding data that meets the search criteria. Data searching (numbers and text) is a well-established informatics activity, supported by spreadsheets, word processors, and relational database systems. Chemical structures and reactions are a unique form of data. Searching for full or partial matches to structures, models, and reactions requires highly specialized databases and search techniques. 

This is definitely an incomplete list of potentially interesting search queries but shows that even a generic documentation system like an ELN requires at least interfacing capabilities to provide this search functionality to a scientist. Any of these searches may be combined with either chemical or nonchemical searches. Spectra, chromatograms, structures, and reactions appear in the hit list for a combined search, the result shown in the hit list might be a combination of text with one of these data types. 

Searching Capabilities. The searching capabilities, which make these programs different from previously available drawing programs, are shown in Table IV. ChemBase has the most powerful search capability which includes all text fields and the ability to retrieve a structure from a reaction scheme specifically as either a reactant or product. ChemFile has a range feature for each specific numeric field but is limited in the amount of data that can be stored (less than 20 characters per field). 

The data entry opportunity for chemLit occurs when the STORE option is requested in structure entry. ChemLit data are completely text-oriented. A blank area in the work space below the structure is used for text input. Up to 13 lines of input, 79 characters per line, are available, depending upon the amount of space consumed by the structure. How this text space is used is entirely a matter of user choice. It may be used for brief abstracts, descriptions of chemical preparations or reactions, examination questions, and so on. After text is entered, the record is stored in the database, and becomes available for later searches. 

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