Scientific and Technological Foundations

Trends 5 and 6 will be explored further after noting progress in some of the scientific and technological foundations of this subject. 

Organizational solutions and core competencies for the pharmaceutical industry. Bioinformatics, functional genomic, structural analysis and computational biology. Scientific and technological foundations. 

Software Investments in software are needed, especially in the area of automated programs for software development and maintenance. For multiscale simulations, component-based methods will be needed to develop simulations of entire systems. The funding portfolio for algorithm development should include application-driven projects that can establish the scientific and technological foundations necessary for a software component industry. 

Electron microscopy studies were performed at the Centre Interdepartamental de Microscopie Electronique (CIME), Ecole Polytechnique Fdddrale de Lausanne. We are grateful to the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CNPq) and the Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support. 

Acknowledgements O.A. El Seoud thanks the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CNPq) for research and travel funds, and Prof. T. Heinze and his research group for their kind help during a short stay at Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat in Jena. 

From Huange et ak, 2004) We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (20375005) and the Bilateral Scientific and Technological Cooperation Flanders Belgium-China (011S0503). 

Bouchet, P. (2006). The magnitude of marine biodiversity. In "The Exploration of Marine Biodiversity, Scientific and Technological Challenges", ( . M. Duarte, Ed.), pp. 33-64. Foundation BBVA, Francewww.fbbva.es. 

We wish to thank National Council for Scientific and Technological Development and CAPES Foundation (ICCTI049/00) for financial support. 

The authors gratefully thank Professors H. Masuhara, K. Yoshihara and, S. Itoh for their encouragement of this study, and Drs M. Nishiyama, H. Oh-Oka and K. Okamoto for advice. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.17750069 to SK) and for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (Area No. 432, No.16072209 to SK, and Area No. 477, No. 19056012 to SK) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (M EXT) of Japan. This work was also supported in part by funds from the Kurata Memorial Hitachi Science and Technology Foundation (to SK), and the Asahi Glass Foundation (to SK). 

Prah K.K. (1993). Mother Tongue for Scientific and Technological Development in Africa. German Foundation for International Development. Education, Science and Documentation Centre, Bonn. 

The authors acknowledge the financial support of Fapesp (The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation), Capes (Brazilian committee for postgraduate courses in scholarship education) and CNPq (The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development). 

This review was made possible by the support of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Government (Nos. 07231213, 08221213,10132229, 10440215). I also acknowledge Iketani Science and Technology Foundation, Murata Science Foundation, Shorai Foundation for Science and Technology, and Nagase Science and Technology Foundation. 

Since 1994 Ingvar is managing director and scientific leader of the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, based in Stockholm. In this new capacity he sits on top of a respectable amount of money, about eight billion Swedish kronor or more than one billion US dollars. The primary goal of the foundation is to improve the scientific and technological competence in Sweden in areas of relevance for the competitiveness of our country. 

We are grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and RFBR 00-15-96615 for financial support of A. L. S. The co-authors of NPO Academpribor acknowledge the partial support of the Scientific and Technology Centre in Ukraine under agreement Uzd-29. 

This work is a collaborative work with Prof. T. Yasumoto (Japan Food Research Laboratory), Ms. ERA. Bajarias (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines), Ms. M.A. Formeloza (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines), Prof. Y. Fukuyo (The University of Tokyo). Polycaremosides work was supported by Nagase Science and Technology Foundation, and by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from MFXT (18032014), and from JSPS (17580091). 

Department of Energy (DOE) - A federal government agency created in 1977, that is entrusted to contribute to the welfare of the United States by providing technical information, and a scientific and educational foundation for technology, policy and institutional leadership to achieve efficiency in energy use, diversity in energy sources, a more productive and competitive economy, improved environmental quality, and a secure national defense. 

The authors thank the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT), QREN-COMPETE-UE), the Argentinean Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT) and the Argentinean National Research Council (CONICET) for financial support. A. B. acknowledges FCT for the award of a post-doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/66154/2009). 

Modern fields such as bioengineering and biotechnology have evolved out of the solid foundations of physics, chemistry, and, more importantly, biology. Despite the trailblazing advancements, society still experiences an imbalance in the scientific and technological literacy of citizens. This has serious implications for public policy formulation, especially for developing countries. 

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