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Schizophrenia drugs used

Major tranquilizer. A drug useful in the control of schizophrenia. Also referred to as neuroleptic or antipsychotic. [Pg.452]

How the different neurotransmitters may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of some brain disorders, such as Parkinson s disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and dementia, as well as in the sensation of pain, is then evaluated and an attempt made to see how the drugs which are used in these conditions produce their effect by modifying appropriate neurotransmitter function (section C). The final section (D) deals with how neurotransmitters are involved in sleep and consciousness and in the social problems of drug use and abuse. [Pg.1]

Chlorpromazine had been shown to produce a tranquil state in animals and since it had a similar effect in humans it became known as a major tranquiliser but the term is rarely used today. Sometimes the drugs used to treat schizophrenia are called anti-psychotics but more commonly neuroleptics. Leptic means to activate (take hold of) and in animals these compounds produce a state of maintained motor tone known as catalepsy. This is an extrapyramidal effect and in schizophrenics the neuroleptics can cause a number of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSs) including Parkinsonism. The new term neuroleptic is unsatisfactory as a description of clinically useful drugs. It really describes a condition (catalepsy) seen in animals and is more indicative of a compound s ability to produce EPSs than to treat schizophrenia. Antipsychotic is more descriptive but could imply a more general efficacy in psychoses than is the case. It would seem more appropriate to call a drug that is used to treat schizophrenia an antischizophrenic just as we use the terms antidepressant or antiepileptic irrespective of how the drug works. Despite such personal reservations, the term neuroleptic will be used in this text. [Pg.352]

Psychopharmaco-epidemiology investigation in China in 2002 showed that the first six antipsychotic drugs used for schizophrenia were clozapine, risperidone,... [Pg.92]

Table 12.3 Percentages of concurrent psychotropic drugs used in each country/territory for patients with schizophrenia... Table 12.3 Percentages of concurrent psychotropic drugs used in each country/territory for patients with schizophrenia...
These symptoms are alleviated by administering levodopa (L-dopa), a precursor for dopamine. L-dopa is taken up by the axon terminals of dopaminergic neurons and used to form dopamine. Interestingly, in some patients, a side effect of dopamine replacement therapy is the development of symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia. (Recall that this mental disorder is caused by overactive dopaminergic neurons.) On the other hand, drugs used to treat schizophrenia — dopamine receptor antagonists — may elicit symptoms of Parkinson s disease. [Pg.43]

Antipsychotic, or neuroleptic drug Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. They are also used in the management of psychotic episodes associated with psychotropic drug toxicity and some neurodegenerative disorders. [Pg.237]

There are, however, subgroups of young adults who may not mature out of drug problems as easily as others. Those who seem to have problems maturing out usually have other problems that preceded the onset of drug use. For instance, researchers have found that young adults who have a history of Conduct Disorder or who have other psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, depression, Anxiety Disorder, or a major personality disorder) mature out of drug problems at much lower rates than those who do not have these additional problems. [Pg.19]

Another way that professionals assess for psychiatric disorders is to use an inventory that assesses for personality characteristics. The most famous of these inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which is now in its second edition as an instrument. Although the MMPI is actually a personality inventory, as it names suggests, many professionals will use it to spot suspected psychiatric disorders, such as depression, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Anxiety Disorder. The MMPI has several scales to assess common personality traits, such as depression, mania, psychopathic deviance, and even alcohol and drug use (Weed, Butcher, McKenna, Ben-Porath, 1992). [Pg.160]

Clozapine and olanzapine are atypical antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Their strnctnres are depicted in Scheme 2.36. The use of clozapine and olanzapine, which are more effective than standard neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, is, however, limited becanse of their adverse effects. These adverse effects are ascribed to the formation of the corresponding cation-radicals in living organisms under oxidation by bone marrow cells. These cation-radicals eliminate protons from the NH fragments and generate their nitrenium cations. The nitreninm cations are covalently bonnd to the life-important proteins. This results in the toxic effects of clozapine and olanzapine (Sikora et al. 2007). [Pg.116]

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces aqueous humour production and is therefore indicated in glaucoma to reduce the intraocular pressure. Salbutamol is a selective, short-acting beta2-agonist used as a bronchodilator in asthma. Tolbutamide is a short-acting sulphonylurea used in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Chlorpromazine is an aliphatic neuroleptic antipsychotic drug used in schizophrenia. Zafirlukast is a leukotriene-receptor antagonist that is indicated in the prophylaxis of asthma but should not be used to relieve acute severe asthma. [Pg.69]

Drake RE, Xie H, McHugo GJ, et al. The effects of clozapine on alcohol and drug use disorders among patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bui, 2000 26 441-449. [Pg.94]

Antipsychotic drugs used to successfully treat schizophrenia block central dopamine receptors to some extent (Fig. 8-1).19,23 These drugs share some structural similarity to dopamine, which allows them to bind to the postsynaptic receptor, but they do not activate it. This action effectively blocks the receptor from the effects of the released endogenous neurotransmitter (see Fig. 8-1). Any increased activity at central dopamine synapses is therefore negated by a postsynaptic receptor blockade. [Pg.94]

The role that dopamine plays in regulating mood and emotional stability can be at least partially grasped by examining dopamine s role in schizophrenia and drug addiction. Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, withdrawal from external reality, and emotional unresponsiveness. The dopamine theory of schizophrenia, proposed in 1965, attributes the disorder to elevated brain concentrations of dopamine or to a hypersensitivity of dopaminergic receptors, especially the D2 and D4 receptor subtypes. Several drugs used to treat schizophrenic patients bind to D2 and D4 receptors and block the dopaminergic response. [Pg.22]

Case 3. On July 15, 1995, a 24-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia, acute depression, and psychotropic drug use was found dead in the living room of his family residence. The previous day he had reported not feeling well. The immediate cause of death was listed by MCMEO as environmental hyperthermia, with use of psychotropic medications as an important contributing factor. [Pg.344]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.158 , Pg.159 , Pg.169 ]




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Drugs used to treat schizophrenia

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