Saudi population

The mutant T allele, which results in decreased PGP levels, is relatively rare in populations with African ancestry, but exists at higher frequencies in Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Portuguese and Saudi populations. The TT genotype was not detected in the 206 Ghanaians studied, but accounted for 1, 4, and 6% of individuals in the African American, Kenyan and Sudanese populations, respectively [61]. From the previous functional studies this data implies that populations of African ancestry will have higher PGP protein levels and drug efflux. 

Ivermectin, a neurotoxic compound in animals with low P-gp expressions, has been safely used in Africa for the prevention and treatment of river blindness. The lack of neurotoxicity in African might be due to the high P-gp expression in African population (Ameyaw et al., 2001). Gene analysis showed a high frequency of the C allele in the African group than British Caucasian, Portuguese, southwest Asian, Chinese, Filipino, and Saudi populations, which implies overexpression of P-gp in African population. 

Goldstein, J. A., Ishizaki, T. etal. (1997). Frequencies ofthe defective CYP2C19 alleles responsible for the mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in various Oriental, Caucasian, Saudi Arabian and American black populations. Pharmacogenetics, 7(1), 59-64. 

Tayeb, M. T. et al. (2000). CYP3A4 promoter variant in Saudi, Ghanaian and Scottish Caucasian populations. Pharmacogenetics, 10, 753-6. 

Osama bin Laden is the big, bad bogey-man who has fear and loathing etched into the faces of all Americans, yet his many relatives love the United States it is estimated that forty of them were living here on September 11,2001. Most of them left the country within two days, and the United States just let them go rather than taking them into custody as material witnesses. The family is all-important in Saudi Arabian culture as it is in Arab and Muslim populations around the world. Osama secrets himself in the mountains and poverty of Afghanistan, although it is not well known to the American public is that in Boston two of his uncles and one of his sons are wealthy businessmen Harvard University was given 2,000,000 by the bin Laden family. 

Ultra-rapid metabolizers of debrisoquine (see above) are fairly uncommon in many races (1-2% in a Swedish/Caucasian population), but make up 21% of a Saudi Arabian study population, and 29% of a population studied in Ethiopia. 

In the early stages of development, Saudi Arabia and other countries relied entirely on imported products. While this is still largely the case, there is a trend toward self-sufficiency. For example, rather than simply export crude oil, there is a marked drive toward the development of a petrochemical industry that will be aimed at products for export (6,7). This will not only increase potential income from oil, but will provide employment for indigenous populations. Other industry and materials for construction are also being developed by Saudi Arabian engineers in order to reduce dependence on imports. 

The analysis of the molecular basis for unexpected responses of ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers to codeine follows a similar line of reasoning. The ultrarapid metabolizers have enhanced capacity to metabolize codeine and hence may exhibit exaggerated responses, such as abdominal cramping, fuzzy vision and disorientation.(113) Because ultrarapid metabolizers occur more frequently among Hispanic, African and Saudi Arabian than Asian populations,(106) the former groups would be more likely to experience exaggerated responses to codeine. 

The region is not homogeneous. Individual countries differ significantly in government, economics, per capita income, size, population and religion. For example, Saudi Arabia is the largest country with 2 million km2, cf. Bahrain with only 711 km2. Yet Bahrain is the most densely populated country (917 people/km2) with Oman at the other extreme (9 people/km2). Absolute monarchy is found in Kuwait and complete democracy in Lebanon. The distribution of Islam, Christianity and Judaism will be familiar, with some countries almost totally one or other, whereas others are more mixed (e.g. 40% of the Lebanese population is Christian). 

Qatar almost 95% of population, everything should be halal certified Kuwait over 98% of population, everything should be halal certified here also Saudi Arabia 100% of population, rigid halal regulations which are part of the Saudi Standards Organization, need good importers here, and Saudi acts as a distributor to region... 

OPEC nations (Section 9.4.4) comprise the last group. In general, they have a very high ratio of oil reserves to population. Examples are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Libya, and Venezuela. These nations have enormous cash flows as long as the oil reserves are present. Most have invested heavily in chemical plants and refineries as well as modernization of older units. 

To provide non-labor-intensive business, especially in countries like Saudi Arabia, where the population is low. 

Correspondingly, massive solar collectors are likely to be far from the population centers which need them, for they would be most advantageously situated in North Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Australia. Hence, the electricity to which they would give rise is liable to have to travel at least 1000 miles (1,600 kilometers), and, in some situations, as much as 4000 miles (6400 kilometers), to go from the site of production to the site of use. 

Since then, these findings have been reported from a variety of other population-based studies in the USA, Canada, Australia, Denmark and the United Kingdom, and all show essentially the same findings, the exception being Saudi... 

The country s economic dependence on oil means that its price determines the standard of living. For example, when the price of oil is high, as it was in 1981, per capita income was 28 600. When oil prices plummeted in subsequent years, so did per capita income, to less than 7000 in 2001 (Baer 2003). Saudi Arabia s rapid population growth of 2.4% per year compared to the United States rate of less than 1% (CIA 2004) also lowers the average standard of living. 

Islam advanced while the West declined during the Middle Ages. By 1928, Constantinople had a population of 2 million, which was twice that of London, three times that of Paris, and eight times that of Rome. The Sunni and Shi a sects divided Islam in the same way that Catholics and Protestants divided Christianity. A third sect, Wahhabism, was founded by Mohammed ibn-Abad-el-Wahab in what is now Saudi Arabia. The Sunni were the orthodox the Shi a were the heretics and the Wahhabites were the Puritans of Islam. Wahhabism remains the dominant form of Islam in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar, with each person interpreting the Koran for himself. 

---