Sudanese population

The mutant T allele, which results in decreased PGP levels, is relatively rare in populations with African ancestry, but exists at higher frequencies in Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Portuguese and Saudi populations. The TT genotype was not detected in the 206 Ghanaians studied, but accounted for 1, 4, and 6% of individuals in the African American, Kenyan and Sudanese populations, respectively [61]. From the previous functional studies this data implies that populations of African ancestry will have higher PGP protein levels and drug efflux. 

The alleles containing 4 and 9 copies of the TSER repeat were primarily confined to African populations. TSER 4 accounted for 2-7% of TSER alleles in all African populations except the Sudanese. However, TSER 4 was also found in a British Caucasian subject but not among the American-Caucasian population studied [53]. This suggests that TSER 4 occurs at a low frequency in Caucasian populations. The absence of the TSER 4 allele in the Sudanese population may be a result of the small sample size or due to the fact that this allele occurs at very low frequencies in this population. The latter possibility would make sense as this population is an admixture of Negroid and Caucasoid characteristics at both the morphological and molecular levels [17]. 

Considerable heterogeneity has been demonstrated with respect to average plasma Lp(a) levels in different ethnic groups. These differences cannot be entirely explained by differences in allele frequencies that exist between these groups [i.e., are not entirely due to allele-specific effects on Lp(a) concentrations] (M13, S3, S4). Interestingly, in the Sudanese population, Lp(a) levels are primarily (81%) determined by factors other than the size of the apo(a) allele, while in the Malay population, only 23% of the variation in Lp(a) levels could not be accounted for by size differences in the gene (S3). In Caucasians, it has previously been reported that 40-70% of the variance in Lp(a) levels can be... 

TPMT 3C accounted for 100% of the mutant alleles observed in the Ghanaian subjects. This is similarly found in 101 Kenyans and 192 Chinese subjects, as well as in Sudanese and Filipino subjects (Table 24.1 Figure 24.2) [52, 54]. This contrasts with the Caucasian (British, American, French) subjects, where 5.7, 5.5 and 11.4% of variant alleles were TPMT 3C, respectively (Table 24.1). TPMT 3 A was not detected in the African or Asian populations, but accounted for 84.9, 81.4 and 88.9% of variant alleles in British, American, and French Caucasians, respectively. Therefore, mutations at nucleotide 719 (TPMT 3C) is common in all populations studied to date, but occurs most often in the presence of a simultaneous mutation at nucleotide 460 (TPMT 3A) in Caucasian subjects (Table 24.1). 

The allele frequencies for TSER 2 and TSER 3 in the Chinese, Japanese and Filipino groups were significantly different from all the other populations in the study (p< 0.001] (Figure 24.5) [82, 83]. The Sudanese were significantly different from the Southwest Asians (p=0.033). No other significant difference in TSER 2 and TSER 3 allele frequency between populations were observed. No significant difference in TSER 2 and TSER 3 allele frequency was observed between the Caucasian and African populations (p>0.05 in all cases) [83]. 

Refugees should be given a certain place to live in, to continue their own sort of relations with their own people [not of course with Sudanese], not to forget their country, because we are not interested that they will forget their countries they have to go back. We don t want more population in this country it is enough. 

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