Baptisia australis

Baptisia australis, B. tinctoria R. Br. and other species. Cytisine. A... 

Other isolation studies are summarized in Table l 2-7 five new alkaloids have been obtained this year. Cell suspension cultures of Baptisia australis, Lupinus polyphyllus, and Sarothamnus scoparius produce lower yields of alkaloids than the differentiated plants, with lupanine as the main component8 (cj Vol. 11, p. 63). Examination of the leaf alkaloids of B. australis by g.l.c. and by g.l.c.-m.s. resulted in the identification of eleven constituents, including two new alkaloids.2 The structures and the distribution of some quinolizidine alkaloids that may be used as systematic markers in the Leguminosae have now been supplemented by more recent data.9... 

One of the new alkaloids of Baptisia australis has a mass spectrum differing from that of tinctorine (6) only in the intensity of fragmentation peaks it is believed to be a stereoisomer of tinctorine and has been named isotinctorine. Another alkaloid, C17H22N203, from the same source is apparently a 13-acetoxy-anagyrine, since alkaline hydrolysis gives a compound with a mass spectrum identical with that of 13-hydroxyanagyrine (baptifoline) (7).2 The structures of the new Baptisia alkaloids clearly need further study. 

Quinolizidine alkaloids are derived from lysine. Studies with labeled precursors indicate that a symmetrical intermediate, cadaverine (20), is involved in their formation (Herbert, 1988 Kinghom and Balandrin, 1984 Leete, 1983 Spenser, 1985), although no intermediate comparable to the dimeric form plays a role in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is involved (Spenser, 1985). Much recent information is based on cell suspension cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus, Baptisia australis, and Sarothamnus scoparius (all Faba-ceae). Lysine decarboxylase is localized in leaf chloroplasts (Wink 1987 Wink and Hartmann, 1982,1984) the presence of a diamine oxidase does not appear to be involved. Lysine decarboxylase is found in all parts of Lupinus plants. 

Constit. of red and subterranean clovers Trifolium pratense and T. subterraneum) and of Chana (Cicer arietinum). Constit. of the heartwood of Pterocarpus indicanus. Found also in Baptisia australis. Widely distributed in the Leguminosae (Papilionoideae). Also in Virola caducifolia and V. multinerva (Myricaceae). Cryst. Mp 265-266° (257° ). 

Constit. of Amorpha californica, Baptisia australis, Dalbergia spruceana, Sophora franchetiana, Swartzia madagascariensis, Tephrosia bidwilli and Trifolium hybridum. Needles (MeOH). Mp 159-161°. [a] -197° (CHCI3). 

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