Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent

Valdivieso-Garcia, A. Riche, E. Abubakar, O. Waddell, T. E. Brooks, B. W. A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Salmonella using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies. J. Food Prot. 2001, 64,1166-1171. 

Fig. 15. Schematic representation of the open sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of a hapten.

Fig. 1. The dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Dual-Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay... 

Antibodies can be used to measures levels of molecules in solution using the dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two antibodies are used that become bridged in the presence of the substance of interest, leading to the production of a colored product by a reporter enzyme. 

The dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA Fig. 1) is a sensitive and specific technique for quantifying molecules in solution. The technique is dependent upon the availability of two antibodies recognizing separate epitopes upon the antigen to be measured such that they are able to bind to the molecule simultaneously (1,2). The capture antibody specific to the substance to be measured is first coated onto a high-capacity... 

Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay provides an alternative to dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and is widely used for the measurement of substances in biological liquids. 

A standard double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot analysis is used. As the concentration of factor is very low in normal plasma (approximately 0.1 mg/1 for factor VIII), it is necessary to subject plasma samples to cryoprecipitation in order to concentrate the sample, prior to Western blot analysis. The cryoprecipitation protocol described by Bi et al. is as follows (Bi et al., 1996 Sarkar et al., 2000 Mah et al., 2003). Plasma samples are collected as described above for the Coatest assay. Plasma is then frozen at -80 °C overnight. Frozen samples are then subject to centrifugation at 7000 x g for 20 min at 4°C. The precipitate is washed with... 

Hefle, S.L., Bush, R.K., Yunginger, J.W., and Chu, F.S. 1994. A sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of selected peanut proteins in foods. J Food Protect 57 419 -23. 

S. Arakawa, H. Ishihara, O. Nishio, and S. Isomura, A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for kappa-carrageenan determination,/. Sci. Food Agric., 57 (1991) 135-140. 

Jakubik, J., Wess, J., 1999. Use of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay strategy to study mechanism of G protein-coupled receptor assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1349-1358. 

Protein arrays with 10-500 antibodies printed onto an array use detection techniques, including fluorescence and multiple sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, but the broad application of these assays is restricted by lack of suitable antibodies for laboratory animals and some potential cross-reactivities between antibodies with similar affinities. Calibration, reproducibility, and identification of proteins are common problems for all of these technologies. A number of databases are available to help investigators identify the numerous proteins found using these separation techniques, particularly for mass spectrometer data. 

Tanaka H, Tokiwa T (1989). Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor studied in the rat by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay./. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 255 724-729. 

Kerschbaumer R J, Hirschl S, Kaufmann A, et al. (1997). Single-chain Fv fusion proteins suitable as coating and detecting reagents in a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal. Biochem. 249 219-227. 

Hefle SL, Lambrecht DM (2004). Validated sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for casein and its application to retail and milk-allergic complaint foods. J. Food Pro. 67(9) 1933-1938. 

Lee P-W, Hefie SL, Taylor SL (2008). Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of mustard in foods. J. Food Set 73(4) T62-T68. Program and... 

Chang, C.K., Tso, T.K., Snook, J.T., Zipf, W.B., and Lozano, R.A. (1999) Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Concentration, Clin. Biochem. 32,257-262. 

FIGURE 3.10 Schematic representation of the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure used with the magnetoelastic E. coli 0157 H7 sensor. 

Bury J, Michiels G, Rosseneu M (1986) Human apolipoprotein C-II quantitation by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 24 457-463... 

The conjugates were employed in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for the determination of different metal ions including lead, mercury, cadmium and gallium. The study showed that gallium ions could be conveniently detected with ICso value of lO M, a linear concentration range of 5 x 10" to 1 X 10" M and a correlation coefficient of 0.9980. The assay detection limit which is defined as three standard deviations above the zero standard, was recorded to be 5 X 10 M. Moreover, the method showed a remarkable selectivity for Gallium relative to several other metals investigated. The selectivity was modulated by three... 

For diagnostic detection of BChE adducts of common G- and V-type nerve agents, enhanced sample throughput was achieved by automated processes in 96-well plate format, extracting plasma by inunimomagnetic separation (Knaack et al., 2012). An alternative method, based on the principle of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was presented by Wang et al. (2011) to determine OP adducts in complete BChE. 

A prospective enquiry was conducted in 1990 and 1991 in France by the Unite des Venins in order to collect epidemiological, clinical and biological data from hospitals. Vipera aspis venom antigens were quantified in urine and blood samples by a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. 

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