Sample management system

Ueno, G., Hirose, R., Ida, K., Kumasaka, T. and Yamamoto, M. (2004). Sample management system for a vast amount of frozen crystals at SPring-8. /. Appl. Crystallogr. 37,867-873. 

Robotic NMR Assays. Spectra were collected on a Varian VXR300S spectrometer equipped with a Varian automatic sample management system (robot) with a 50 sample tray using the parameters described above. Customized software was developed for robot control providing full automated work-up of data including the calculation of weight percents and generation of analytical reports. 

A laboratory information management system (LIMS) is a computer or computer network used to automate the acquisition and management of raw analytical data. In its simplest form, it tracks samples and test results through analytical laboratories and provides summaries of the status of these samples and tests. In its most advanced form, the system is interfaced to the laboratory s instmmentation and communication network to allow automation of data gathering, compilation, and reporting. 

A database management system (DBMS) is used by most LIMS systems for storing data. Examples of commercially available DBMS are DB2, DBASE, Informix, INGRES, ORACLE, and RDB. AH of these DBMS conform to the "relational" model developed by Codd (19). Eigure 3 demonstrates the use of a relational DBMS for storing LIMS data. Here data is grouped by type so customer and analysis requests are stored separately from sets of sample information which are, in turn, stored separately from sets of analysis results. Individual records are linked or related by unique identification data. 

Laboratory Information Management System. The QC lab must analy2e raw material, in-process, and finished product samples adhere to cahbration schedules record data and perform statistical analyses. These activities lend themselves to the appHcation of software packages such as a laboratory information management system (LIMS) (qv). An inexpensive LIMS is within the reach of even small laboratories. 

The initial incident report is very important. This document captures the initiator s firsthand knowledge of what occurred in the moments after the specific event. Example 5-2, Sample Toller Initial Incident Report, is an example of the data that should be documented as soon as possible. Note that it should be modified using the company s management system procedure and incident investigation procedure, which should describe the type of data needed, and level of detail desired. 

Based on the audit findings, the team typically issuesa report that summarizes the status of current management systems and identifies pacesetter programs and areas of non-compliance or exceptions. These findings should be provided both to the facility manager and to the PSM team, for consolidation into overall recommendations. A sample audit report is shown in Figure 4-5. 

IWo basic types of questionnaires can be used yes/no or open-ended. A sample yes/no questionnaire is provided in Figure 4-6 Figure 4-7 displays an open-ended version. The yes/no questionnaire confirms the existence of specific PSM program components or management system characteristics, while an open-ended questionnaire requires an explanation of the response and can be used to invite discussion. Yes/no questionnaires can be filled out by the facility or can be administered by less experienced assessors. Open-ended questionnaires require more experienced assessors, who are equipped to guide discussion and probe for further information. 

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Laboratory data may consist of many different collections of tests, such as ECG laboratory tests, microbiologic laboratory tests, and other therapeutic-indication-specific clinical lab tests. However, laboratory data traditionally consist of results from urinalysis, hematology, and blood chemistry tests. Traditional laboratory data can come from what are called local laboratories, which are labs at the clinical site, or from central laboratories where the clinical sites send their samples for analysis. Often when the laboratory data come from a central laboratory, there is no physical CRF page for the data and they are loaded into the clinical data management system directly from an electronic file. Local laboratory data may be represented with a CRF page such as this ... 

Gathering audit data can be accomplished through observations, documents, and interviews. The data obtained is used to verify and validate that the process safety management systems are implemented and functioning as designed. Data gathering can be aided oy the use of audit samples, where a representative number of items are audited to draw a conclusion, and by using self-evaluation questionnaires. 

Computers were first used in laboratories to calculate results and generate reports, often from an individual instrument. As automated analysers were developed, so the level of computerization increased and computers now play a major role in the modem laboratory. They are associated with both the analytical and organizational aspects and the term Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is often used to describe this overall function. Such systems are available that link the various operations associated with the production of a validated test result, from the receipt of the sample to the electronic transmission of the report to the initiator of the request, who may be at a site removed from the laboratory. Other uses include stock control, human resource management and budgets. 

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