Sample disposal systems

The Gilson Aspec automatic sample preparation system is a fully automated system for solid-phase extraction on disposable columns and online HPLC analysis. The Aspec system offers total automation and total control of the entire sample preparation process including clean-up and concentration. In addition, Aspec can automatically inject prepared samples into on-line HPLC systems. 

Aspec is designed to receive up to 108 samples. The system is compatible with most standard disposable extraction columns. Analytichem Bond-Elut Baker SPE, Supelco Supelclean, Alltech Extract Clean, etc. There is a choice of more than 20 different stationary phases. 

Low- and high-level wastes pose very different kinds of disposal and storage problems. These problems are a result of the half-life of the isotopes present in each kind of waste. The half-life of an isotope is the time required for one-half of a given sample of the isotope to decay. The half-lives of most isotopes present in low-level wastes range from a few hours to a few years. Disposal systems need to isolate low-level wastes, therefore, for no more than a hundred years. By contrast, high-level wastes must be confined essentially forever, that is, for hundreds of thousands of years or more. 

Fluid sampling systems generally consist of four main sections, viz. the probe, the sample line, sample treatment and sample disposal. 

The physical reaction of the ash to aqueous leaching is an important factor when considering the potential contamination of groundwater by these leachates. Concentrations of elements in leachates will be determined by the amount of ash exposed to leaching solutions. Observations of this type are useful in determining the mode of disposal most suited for the ash being produced. For example, the WYO-FA sample would be better suited to a dry disposal system, with an occasional wetting, rather than the pond system which is most frequently used. 

Here is an example. An ASP flood was initiated in the N-IDX block in Daqing on March 15, 1997. A pump malfunction occurred with a scale thickness of 1 cm over the wellbore by September 23, 1998. By the end of 1999, serious scale problems were observed in surface facilities, such as the oil-water separation system and the produced water disposal system. Scale usually occurred on pipe walls and in valves, pump heads, vane wheels, and flow meters. In another case, some scale samples from Well Zl-35 looked white, and the scale thickness was 0.5 to 1.0 cm. The scale in the delivery pipes of Zl-35 reached about 0.3 cm (Wang et al., 2004b). 

A fully automated sample handling system has been developed for LC combining the advantages of a disposable cartridge system and precolumn technology with its high automation... 

Online SPE-LC can be easily automated by using commercially available devices as Prospekt (from Spark Holland) or OSP-2 (Merck), which have the capability to switch to a fresh disposable precolumn for every sample. These systems improve the productivity since the next sample is automatically prepared while the previous sample is being analyzed. 

Low cost and disposable systems are required in medical use In this case, microsystems consists of actuator parts and separable channel parts will be useful The channel part can be disposable while the actuator parts should be reused many times It is very economical because the actuating parts are generally more expensive than the channel part The structure of the separable channel type three-way microvalve is shown in Fig 14 [16] This structure is applicable to fabricate a sample injector or a chemical analysing cell [34] Large scale analysing systems can be realised on the wafer by applying this structure... 

Vents, Drains, Gauge, or Sample Port Failures—Small diameter piping or valves may be opened or fail which releases vapors or Hquids to the environment unexpectedly (e.g., level gauge sight glass breaks). Normal Operational Releases—Process storage or sewer vents, rehef valve outlets, tank seals, flare, and burn pit disposal systems, which are considered normal and accepted releases to the atmosphere. 

The sampling-handling system must transport the sample to the analyzer and dispose of excess sample. Since the sampling point and the analyzer may be separated by some distance, the time required to transport the sample to... 

Wave bioreactor Disposable system, reduces contamination issues and the need for sterilization of the bioreactor Suitable for GMP operations Easily scalable Sampling, monitoring, and control are not as simple as with other systems High cost... 

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