Deoxyribonucleic acid, sodium

Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt from salmon testes (fsDNA) was purchased from Sigma (Product D1626). Solution of natural fish sperm DNA prepared in MilliQ water gives UV absorbance ratios of -1.8-1.9 at 260 and 280 nm M260/A,80), respectively, which indicates that DNA is sufficiently free of protein. Stock fsDNA is stored at 0-4°C and should be used within three days of preparation (see Notes 7-9). 

FIG. 17-19. Relaxation spectrum of aqueous deoxyribonucleic acid (sodium salt), concentration 0.012 g/ml reduced to 25°C. Points top black, calculated from G bottom black, from tj. (Helders, Ferry, Markovitz, and Zapas. )... 

In this connection, it must also be borne in mind that the deoxyribonucleic acids subjected to analysis have probably not been homogeneous. Deoxyribonucleic acids have been fractionated by making use of their different solubilities in normal saline,186 by extracting thymus nucleo-his-tone with sodium chloride solutions of increasing concentration,187 by ion-exchange,187 and also by adsorption of the polynucleotide onto histone immobilized on a kieselguhr support.123 It is possible, however, that these are artefacts, since it has been shown that deoxyribonucleic acid fractions extracted from calf-thymus nucleohistone may or may not vary in composition according to the previous treatment of the material.188... 

DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid HCN = hydrogen cyanide KCN = potassium cyanide NaCN = Sodium cyanide - = negative result + = positive result (+) = weakly positive result... 

Microsomal reduction of chromium(VI) can also result in the formation of chromium(V), which involves a one-electron transfer from the microsomal electron-transport cytochrome P450 system in rats. The chromium(V) complexes are characterized as labile and reactive. These chromium(V) intermediates persist for 1 hour in vitro, making them likely to interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which may eventually lead to cancer (Jennette 1982). Because chromium(V) complexes are labile and reactive, detection of chromium(V) after in vivo exposure to chromium(VI) was difficult in the past. More recently, Liu et al. (1994) have demonstrated that chromium(V) is formed in vivo by using low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on whole mice. In mice injected with sodium dichromate(VI) intravenously into the tail vein, maximum levels of chromium(V) were detected within 10 minutes and declined slowly with a life time of about 37 minutes. The time to reach peak in vivo levels of chromium(V) decreased in a linear manner as the administered dose levels of sodium... 

A preliminary chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of M. tuberculosis has recently been undertaken by W. N. Haworth and the authors. It was found that two stable and probably degraded polysaccharide fractions could be isolated from the defatted cells by the action of sodium hydroxide. Both products were serologically active at a dilution of 1 2,000,000 the first fraction ([a] D + 85° in water) was derived mainly from the somatic portion of the cell, while the second + 27° in water) was found in the ether-soluble lipid constituents. Both fractions were intimately associated with deoxyribonucleic acid, which was identified by nitrogen and phosphorus analyses, by the Dische test and by spectrophotometric measurements. 

G7a. Gilbert, D. L., Gerschman, R., Cohen, J., and Sherwood, W., Influence of high oxygen pressure on viscosity of solutions of sodium deoxyribonucleic acid and sodium alginate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 5677-5680 (1957). 

In its reduced state nitrogen is essential for life because it is a constituent of the nucleotides of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that encode genetic information) and of the amino acids of proteins. The nitrogen-containing minerals saltpeter (KNO3) and sodium nitrate (NaN03) are found in Chile, India, Bolivia, the former Soviet Union, Spain, and Italy they were significant as fertilizers and explo-... 

More than 90 percent of commercial phosphorus production is in the form of calcium salts of phosphoric acid, H3PO4, used as fertilizers. Other significant uses of phosphorus compounds are in the manufacture of matches (phosphorus sulfides), food products and beverages (purified phosphoric acid and its salts), detergents (sodium polyphosphates), plasticizers for polymers (esters of phosphoric acid), and pesticides (derivatives of phosphoric acid). Related to the phosphorus pesticides are nerve gases, poisonons com-potmds that rapidly attack the central nervous system, initially developed during World War II. see also Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Fertilizer Pesticides. 

In the thyroid gland iodide is actively transported into the thyrocyte by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). The transport of iodide against a gradient is powered by Na /K -ATPase, and competitively inhibited by perchlorate (see review by Carrasco, 1993). With the revelation of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA)-sequence of rat-NIS (Dai et ai, 1996), soon followed by the sequencing of human NIS (Smanik cT gastric wall and the cDNA-sequence of human gastric NIS was revealed (Spitzweg et ai, 1998). 

It has been reported that silver ion-exchanged zeolites exhibit antibacterial activity [32]. The mechanism of antibacterial action of the zeolite is initiated when moisture or liquid film comes into contact with the ion exchange material and silver ions are exchanged with sodium (Na) or other cations from the environment [33]. The released silver ions attach to the bacteria by forming chelate complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid, which blocks the transport processes in the cell [34]. The use of zeolite as a filler in polymeric materials has been reported in the literature and it has been proved that they enhance the antibacterial activity of the polymer [35]. Furthermore, the effect of zeolite content on the physical and thermal properties of the polymer was also examined [35] increasing the silver/zeolite ratio in the polymer led to an increased antimicrobial activity (due to the higher silver ion concentration), but depending upon the application the zeolite content may influence physical, thermal and/or chemical properties of the polymeric material. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid has been immobilized without chemical alteration by entrapment in agarose. The gel was either heated or dissolved in sodium perchlorate to destroy its secondary structure and then gelled in the presence of DNA by cooling or dialysis, respectively. Some rotational constraint of the DNA molecule was observed as evidenced by the binding constant obtained for the drug ethidium the nature of the constraint was discussed in terms of the known structure of agarose bihelices. 

Ribonucleic acids are broken down into mononucleotides by dilute aqueous solutions of sodium or potassium hydroxide. Deoxyribonucleic acids are attacked only slightly and can thus be separated from ribonucleic acids by treatment with dilute sodium hydroxide [88]. 

Little work has been done on the TLC of oligonucleotides, transfer ribonucleic acids and ribo- and deoxyribonucleic acids of high molecular weight. Synthetic deoxyribo-oligonucleotides have been separated on layers of PEI-cellulose, using stepwdse development wdth 0.2—1.2M sodium chloride DEAE-cellulose proved less suitable [103]. Chromato-... 

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